快乐学习高考英语语法内部资料.docx

1、快乐学习高考英语语法内部资料目录1. 定语从句2. 名词性从句3. 状语从句（连词）4. 动词时态与语态5. 非谓语 6. 情态动词7. 虚拟语气8. 倒装句9. 强调句及it的用法1. 定语从句考点：关系代词与关系副词的区别；介词+关系代词知识点梳理（一）、基本概念1. 先行词2. 引导词3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句（二）、定语从句的引导词及其用法1. 关系代词1）that, which, who, whom, whose, as2）只能用that和只能用which的情况3）which和as在非限制性定语从句中的区别2. 关系副词when, where, why3. 介词+关系代词1）介词

2、后关系代词不可省略2）当状语时相当于关系副词4. 如何选择引导词关系代词和关系副词的区分5. 特殊情况1）the way的特殊用法2）从句缺少先行词(the one)3）先行词被one of和the one of修饰时从句谓语的单复数情况4)定语从句主谓一致问题（三）、定语从句和同位语从句的区别；定语从句和强调句只能用which的情况（1）介词+which（2）非限制性定语从句 只能用that的情况（1）先行词为不定代词（all，something，anything, little, much，none等）（2）两个the：先行词为序数词和最高级（3）人和物同时做先行词时（4）先行词被the

3、only，the very, the same, the last等修饰时as 引导的定语从句1，As主要用于such.as, asas；the same as；such as等结构中。2, as 引导非限制性的定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，常用于be known( expected, announced, reported, shown)等结构中关系代词which和as 在非限制性定语从句中的区别：1）as作关系代词，代指整个主句；而which在非限制性定语从句中既可以修饰整个主句，又可以修饰主句的一部分。2) which不能放在句首，而as则可以。3) as有“正如、就像”之意，而which

4、则没有。“介词+关系代词（which, whom, whose）”关系代词前的介词使用时根据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而定。【拓展延伸】“介词 + 关系代词”的常见结构：1） 介词 + which/whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat a small boy.2）名词 + of + which/whomPlease pass me the book the cover of

5、 which is blue.3）数词 + of + which/whomIn our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.4） 代词 + of + which/whomIn the basket I find many apples, some of which=of which some have gone bad.5）最高级 + of + which/whomChina has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.6

6、） 介词 + which + 名词He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.规律总结：定语从句一般考连接词，一般分三步完成。1、判断定语从句的先行词和理解从句意思。2、看从句是否完整，完整一定用关系副词。3、不完整的几个特殊句子 1. way的特殊用法The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2. *Is this sch

7、ool the one (that) we visited that year?Is the school the one( that ) we visited that year?Is this the school that / which we visited that year? 3. * He is one of the students who are from the south. He is the only one of the students（the only student）who is from the south4.* Anyone who breaks the l

8、aw should be punished. Those who break the law should be punished.5. I, who am your friend, will leave for Beijing tomorrow. It is only with a few supplies _ she bought in the village _ she cooked the delicious food. A. that; which B. that; that C. which; where D. which; which2. 名词性从句考点：引导词： that/ w

9、hat(whatever) whether / if how/ which/when/ why/ where/ who/ whom / whoever/whichever/ whenever/ wherever 等一、 宾语从句宾语从句应注意以下三要素：引导词 语序 时态一、引导词1. 注意以下几点： 1）从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。 I think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 2) 在demand, order, suggest

10、, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。 3) 动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句经常用在hate, enjoy, like, love, appreciate, make, find ,consider, feel之后（it作形式宾语）We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 2、由whether或if引导的宾语从句 作“是否”时，只用whether不用i

11、f的情况： 1) 用作介词的宾语、在不定式前面 It depends on whether I have enough time. I dont know whether to go or not. 2) 与or not 连用 I dont know whether or not they will come.二、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序三、宾语从句的时态主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时，从句的时态不受限制; 主句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，则宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整，也就是说要使用过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）注意：但当宾语

12、从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。 He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.特殊形式宾语从句1.Id appreciate _ if you would turn the radio down.A that B it C this D you2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is

13、 clear and bright.A this B that C it D one3. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you consider _to her?A. was happening B. to happen C .has happened D. happening二，表语从句种类关联词例 句说 明表连词thatwhetheras ifThe problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. It looks as if its going to rain. Th

14、e question remains whether they will be able to help us. 结构：主语+（系动词）+ 引导词+简单句 系动词有：be（is, am, are, was, were），keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand ，seem, appear, look语从句连接代词whowhatwhichThats just what I want. The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 连接副词whenwherewhyhow This is whe

15、re our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 注：1表语从句不能用if引导2使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。3主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是becauseThe reason _ he was late was he missed the train this morning . A. wh

16、ich; because B. that; that C. why; that D. why; because The reason_ he gave for his being late is _ he was oversleep. A. which; that B. that; because C. why; that D. why; because三， 主语从句种类关联词例 句说 明 连thatThat he will come and help you is certain. that在句首不可省去词whetherWhether there is life on the moon is

17、 an interesting question. 主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。连接代词whowhatwhichwhateverwhoeverWhat he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. 连接副词whenwherewhyhowWhere the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. When we start the work is an important question. It is k

18、nown to us how he became a writer. “it”来作形式主语。 The teacher will give this opportunity to _ he thinks is clever, energetic and hard-working. A. no matter who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whom注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：（1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句。 此处形容词有obvious（明显的）, true, natural, surprising, goo

19、d, wonderful, funny, possible（可能性最小）, likely（其次可能）, probable（最可能）, certain 等It is likely that he will come to see me tomorrow. （2）It + be + 名词词组 + that从句此句型常用的名词主要有, an honour荣誉, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等It is a pity that such a thing (should ) happen in your class.（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that

20、从句此句型常用的过去分词said, known, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced宣布, arranged安排,hoped, believed, suggested等Its said that Tom has come back from abroad. 据说汤姆从外国回来了。It is suggested that the meeting (should ) be put off。 建议会议推迟举行。（4）It seems/happened/turned out/appears / occurred + that It seems

21、 that he enjoys pop songs very much .看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了It用法1 I was free that evening AIt happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened that 2 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday AIt says BIt is said CIt has

22、 said DHe is said3. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. （08福建） A. It B. What C. As D. Which4. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It5. _ in the regulations that you sho

23、uld not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 四， 同位语从句：同位语从句一般跟在名词后，起进一步说明该名词的具体内容的作用种类关联词例 句说 明同位语从句 由连词that, whether引导，不担任成分; 也可由who,what, which, why, when, how, where等引导。 The news that he had landed on the moon

24、 spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：ability,patience,anx

25、iety,answer, order,report,wish,decision,suggestion, belief, doubt, fact, hope, message, news, promise, question, reply, order, fear, word, proof， belief, story， reason等。连词that 一般不可省略注意：1 表达“是否”时，用whether而不用if. 如果同位语从句说明的名词advice, suggestion, proposal建议, demand, request, requirement要求, decision, orde

26、r命令, recommendation劝告等时，同位语从句中的谓语常用 “should +do”结构,should可以省略。 doubt （怀疑）后面的同位语要用whether引导 no doubt (不用怀疑) 后面的同位语要用 that 引导。 比如： I have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. There is no doubt that prices of cars will go down.同位语从句与that引导的定语从句判断方法：同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系，可以在名词从句

27、之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子。The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.What的用法 what在名词性从句中必须充当成分,做主语,宾语,表语，或定语1._matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which2. As a new graduate,he doesnt know _it takes t

28、o start a business. A. that B. what C. which D. how 3. China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_. A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be 4. No one knows _side effect the medicine will bring about although thousands of peop

29、le have taken it. A. whose B. what C. that D. which也可以：1. 表示“的东西/事物”，相当于the thing that有时what或由all that替代。2. 表示“的地方”，相当于the place that。3. 表示“的数目”，相当于the amount/number that。4. 其它，根据语境处理。1._he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.2007上海卷 A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where2. It

30、is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.2007福建卷 A. how B. what C. which D. when3. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.2007陕西卷 A. That B. Which C. What D. As4.The energy is _makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such5.America was _was first called “India”by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there where6._he really means is _he