高考英语完型填空类阅读讲解及练习二有答案.docx

1、高考英语完型填空类阅读讲解及练习二有答案完型填空 本节内容（一）完型填空的特点完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。（2）完型解题步骤1 通览-速度全文，把握大意 快速阅读一下全文，通

2、过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2 试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应（如果没时间浏览全文，那做题时也要读完一段再做这一段的题，不要看一题做一题。）（3）解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便

3、于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after

4、 them. Life for ancient peoples earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. OtherwiseResearch has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated deb

5、ates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language解题思路二：顺应文意,定位选词。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. L

6、istening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.51.A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrongMore than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and _52_ could provid

7、e information for later generations. 52. A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. scienceThe continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it _51_ our kids.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits解题思路三：注意固定搭配，

8、常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning. 60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. offe

9、r61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to _62_ team spirit.62. A. build up B. put down C. take over D. make outA _60_ of people now believe incorrectly that global warming is not even caused by

10、 humans.60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different_51_ for international visitors than it was earlier

11、in the 21st century. 51. A.experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion A traveler from a country_60_ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether

12、the traveler is_61_to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting 61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。EFL teachers often complai

13、n that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. 63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass解题思路六:利用原词复现

14、或同现,选择最佳选项。1. 在完形填空中,某一词语通常重复出现,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整的意义整体。First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows.A.rub B.drop C.break D.clean2. 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。 1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcolle

15、geuniversity studentspupilsgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3） 形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如： 在学校这个语境中：（key）school（optional）course（compulsory）course Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted Liu a f

16、ull scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent The 60 Knows.Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。In todays American society, high school dropout has day by

17、day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family _51_ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout are grabbing headlines in media. 51.A. objections B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness答案： B。 长难句分析， 第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into

18、 a big problem. 后面紧跟 动名词做定语。 As 从句中 caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for 53 the majority of children . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of th

19、e elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a _55_ awareness of their special needs.55. A. reducing B. wat

20、ching C. growing D. slipping解析： 55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while 引导的让步状语从句。 在while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。 在主句中，where 引导的定语从句，先行词是countries. 解题思路八：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑，选对过渡词。 做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡

21、词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。必须掌握的常考过渡词：另外，而且：besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, whats more然而，但是：however, nevertheless, though, yet, 相反：instead, on the contrary与之相比，相反：by contrast, in contrast因此：therefore, thus, consequently, as a result否则：otherwise例如：for

22、instance, for example同时：meanwhile然后，那么，那时，当时：then（四）例题讲解Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity, whi

23、ch may be defined as a willingness to adopt the same behavior and attitudes as those seen in other people. 【首段点明论题并解释】In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group, an individual may willingly 50 【要找到归属感必然要采纳或接受群体的价值观和行为，选adopt】 the groups values and behavior. Often, however, an

24、 individual will conform to the behavior of those around him even when they are total 51 . 【从上文的两个提示词推断“即使是周围的人是完全陌生不认识时，个体依然随从他们的行为”，选strangers。】It seems that many human beings dont like to _52 【既然对群体保持认同，就不喜欢在群体中脱颖而出，选stand out】in a crowd or seem to be different from those around them, and they ha

25、ve a strong 53 to conform to the behavior of other people simply to avoid making themselves 54 . 【从文章的论点得出，人们有很强烈的愿望与其他人的行为保持一致，只是为了不让自己引人注意。因此53题选desire ；54题选noticeable。】People will also avoid becoming 55 a situation if they can shrug off their responsibility by 56 that someone else will do somethi

26、ng. 【有的人与群体保持一致是为了推卸责任，认为其他人会做的事情，自己就避免深陷其中。因此55是involved in；56 assuming】When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York, residents must have 57 or seen something, yet there was no 58 to the police and no one came out to help or investigate.【举例说明，在纽约的一个街区发生凶杀案的时候，当地的居民肯定看到或听到

27、一些事情，但是没有人报警或协助调查。57.heard；58. call】Another 59 【从下文得知，作者通过一个实验继续举例论证，选experiment】showed that some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority 60 . 【从上文的线索得知，是为了迎合大多数人的观点，概念自己的观点。选view】A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which

28、 were most 61 in length. 【选出在长度上相同的线，选alike “相同的，相像的”。】All 62 【所有的人除了其中的一个提前被告知说出一个错误的答案，选except】one of the people in the group had been informed 63 【previously“事先;以前”】to give a wrong answer. The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer. But. wh

29、en he heard the others, he changed his mind and agreed to 64 【改变自己的观点，接受别人是对的，选accept】that the others were right.50. A. reject B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust51. A. strangers B. friends C. opponents D. neighbors52. A. put up B. rush out C. escape from D. stand out53. A. instinct B. dream C. desire D. go

30、al54. A. confused B. unexpected C. desirable D. noticeable55. A. involved in B. taken out C. isolated from D. ignorant of56. A. estimating B. assuming C. planning D. assuring57. A. investigated B. indicated C. heard D. confirmed58. A. complaint B. hint C. comment D. call59. A. experiment B. factor C

31、. proposal D. description60. A. view B. trust C. argument D. agreement61. A. apart B. same C. likely D. alike62. A. except B. besides C. including D. considering63. A. definitely B. previously C. doubtfully D. clearly64. A. refer B. decline C. accept D. suppose考题精练Passage 1Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many times when our new husbands and wives enter