ofwhom和ofwhich用法归纳.docx

1、ofwhom和ofwhich用法归纳of whom和of which用法归纳1. of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。Weve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(wh

2、ich, whom)”结构。如：He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university st

3、udents. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如：Hes written a book the name of which Ive forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：Hes married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结

4、了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”)注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如：She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。表示部分与整体of which/whom在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all

5、, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：The room the door

6、 of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的。英语定语从句的3个重要概念：1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。如：The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那

7、棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。如：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(现行词是名词) Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(现行词是代词) His mother is out of danger, which excites their family very much.

8、他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(现行词是句子) 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。如：Li Lei is one of the students who are working very hard. 李蕾是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who) There is nobody but knows you here.

9、这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but) He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。 (引导词where) of whom/which引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were

10、 surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of

11、 which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which co

12、uld not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的the details of which=whose details。表示部分与整体of which/whom在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the major

13、ity等。Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示

14、整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a doz

15、en eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得

16、的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的the details of which=whose details。一、用法说明 介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have w

17、aiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。 Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong s birt一、用法说明介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如：Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dongs birthday party, in which I met a foreigner named Jim. 上周星期六的晚上

18、我去参加了吴东的生日聚会，在会上我会到了一个叫吉姆的外国人。She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. 她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。 二、注意事项(1) 有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。如：The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. The man who you talk

19、ed with just now is our manager. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my address for him. He handed me a pen, which I wrote down my address with for him. 他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。(2) 当先行词是时间、地点、原因从句时，介词+ which一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语，于是介词+ which可以分别用when, where, why代替。但若介词+ w

20、hich不是作时间、地点、原因状语，则不能用when, where, why代替。如：Last week, I visited Shanghai, in which I have made several friends. Last week, I visited Shanghai, where I have made several friends. 上周我参观了上海，在那儿我叫上几个朋友。I will remember the day forever on which I won the first place in the contest. I will remember the day

21、 forever when I won the first place in the contest. 我将永远记住我在竞赛中获得第一名的那一天。三、介词的选用介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词往往受上下文的约束，究竟使用哪个介词时得从下面几方面来进行考虑。(1) 从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如：In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(在树上一般用介词in) (2) 从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：(from computer f

22、or which I paid 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。( pay 与for搭配)(3) 从先行词、定语从句中的动词或形容词两方面同时考虑出发。如：Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now? 你认识跟那个男谈话的女孩吗？(talk 究竟接to, with还是接about, 这该由动词及现行词一起决定) (4) 复合介词+关系代词。如：Go down this road, at the end of which you can see a high bu

23、ilding and it is our office building. 沿着条路走，在路的尽头你会看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我们的办公大楼。(5) 名词+介词+ 关系代词。如：He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如：She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 就不能写成：She has a litt

24、le daughter, after whom is looked by her grandma. 因为，look after 是不可分开的固定短语。介词+关系代词 （转载）定语从句是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法之一，也是高考题的命题热点所在，其中定语从句中关系代词前介词的判断更是高考英语命题的一个高频考点。下面，我们先来看看近两年高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。01. Eric received training in computer for one year, _B_ he found a job in a big company.(辽宁)A. after that B. af

25、ter which C. after it D. after this02. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _B_ they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆)A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which03. It is reported that two schools, _D_ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川)A .

26、they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which04. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _D_ wanted to buy it (安徽)A. none of them B. both of whom C. none of whom D. neither of whom05. He was educated at the local high school, _A_ he went on to Beijing University.(江苏)A. after

27、 which B. after that C. in which D. in that06. She was educated at Beijing University, _A_ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (全国II) which B. from which C. from that D. after that07. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _B_ we gave some bells

28、and glasses. (湖南)A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which08. I was given three books on cooking, the first _B_ I really enjoyed. (浙江)A. of that B. of which C. that D. which09. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction

29、_D_ she had come. (重庆)A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which对于“介词+which / whom”结构的考查，高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面：1. 考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了

30、。(注意搭配search for) This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about) I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb)注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after i

31、s getting better.不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.(2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 (from referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which t

32、here is a teachers desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)3. 考查表示所属关系的of which whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. 老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the meaning of the sentence)4. 考查表示整体