skim1.docx

1、skim12010年6月英语四级阅读15选10填空今年的四级考试15选10填空难度与往年基本持平，可以按照三步法则来进行破解：1、对给定的单词按词性进行分类；15选10只考察4种词性，分别是名词、动词、形容词和副词。2、看文章时，尤其是遇到空格时，首先要去判断空格的词性；3、分析上下文逻辑关系，以近一步减小搜寻范围；比如，第51道题，文中说“carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and _ ourhome;由逻辑连词and知道前后应该是逻辑并列的关系，所以由heating和cooling知道空格中应该填写动词的现在分词形式；其次，由逻辑连词an

2、d也可推知空格中所填的词要与heating和cooling构成意义上的重复。因而填powering最为恰当。总之，对于此类题型考生需在平时的英语学习中先解决单词的问题，因为在考场上对于单词反应的时间越短，你做题的速度就会越快。注意，考试时一定要先按照词性进行分类，因为这样可以减小搜寻的范围，不至于在15个单词中徘徊不前。总之，15选10的精髓就在于不断的减小搜索的范围，以提高正确率。由于15选10对单词的词性有比较高的要求，所以我们将给出一些判断词性的小技巧：1.确定空格为名词(1) 空格前为形容词，应填名词。(2) 空格前为及物动词，应填名词。(3) 空格前为冠词a /an/the，应填名词

3、。(4) 空格前为介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，应填名词。(5) 空格后为谓语动词，且空格前没有句子主语，应填名词。2.确定空格为动词(1) 空格前已有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。(2) 空格前是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词。(3) 空格前是名词或代词做主语，后面无宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应填不及物动词。(4) 空格前是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。(5) 空格前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。3.

4、空格可能为形容词(1) 空格后为名词，空格处可能填入形容词；比如说54道题。(2) 空格前是副词，空格处可能填入形容词；(3) 空格前是系动词或be动词，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。4. 空格可能为副词(1) 空格前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。(2) 空格后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。比如说47道题。Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You a

5、re required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with

6、 a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture m

7、agazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _47_ wasteful to tear them all down and _48_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the _49_ carbo

8、n emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest _50_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and _51_ our homes, offic

9、es and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some _52_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than tho

10、se built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _53_ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a _54_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from _55_ ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can sa

11、ve more than just the earth; they can help _56_ property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historicG) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shiftedN) supplying O) vast 来源:考试大-英47. G incred

12、ibly 48. K replace 49. J reduced 50. L sense 51. H powering52. D exceptions 53. E expand 54. O vast 55. F historic 56. I protect爱因斯坦是德裔美国物理学家（拥有瑞士国籍），思想家及哲学家，犹太人，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人，相对论“质能关系”的提出者，“决定论量子力学诠释”的捍卫者（振动的粒子）不掷骰子的上帝。 1999年12月26日，爱因斯坦被美国时代周刊评选为“世纪伟人”。十九世纪末期是物理学的大变革时期，爱因斯坦从实验事实出发，重新考查了物理学的基本概念，在理论

13、上作出了根本性的突破。他的一些成就大大推动了天文学的发展。 他的广义相对论对天体物理学、特别是理论天体物理学有很大的影响。 爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系. 坚守着“上帝不掷骰子”的量子论诠释（微粒子振动与平动的矢量和）的决定论阵地，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。 近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜水星近日点的进动这是牛顿引力理论无法解释的，并推断出后来被验证了的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。 2009年10月4日，诺贝尔基金会评选“1921年物理学奖

14、得主爱因斯坦”为诺贝尔奖百余年历史上最受尊崇的3位获奖者之一。（其他两位是1964年和平奖得主马丁路德金、1979年和平奖得主德兰修女。）E=mc2质能等价理论是爱因斯坦狭义相对论的最重要的推论，即著名的方程式:E=mc²(能量=质量光速的平方)，式中E为能量，m为质子加中子减原子核的质量（由于质量亏损，原子核的质量总小于组成该原子核的质子和中子的质量的和），C为光速；也就是说，一切物质都潜藏着质子加中子减原子核的质量乘于光速平方的能量。 由此可以解释为什么物体的运动速度不可能超过光速。 一个静止的物体，其全部的能量都包含在静止的质量中。一旦运动，就要产生动能。由于质量和能量等价，运

15、动中所具有的能量应加到质量上，也就是说，运动的物体的质量会增加。当物体的运动速度远低于光速时，增加的质量微乎其微，如速度达到光速的0.1时，质量只增加0.5。但随着速度接近光速，其增加的质量就显著了。如速度达到光速的0.9时，其质量增加了一倍多。这时，物体继续加速就需要更多的能量。当速度趋近光速时，质量随着速度的增加而直线上升，速度无限接近光速时，质量趋向于无限大，需要无限多的能量。因此，任何物体的运动速度不可能达到光速，只有质量为零的粒子才可以以光速运动，如光子。普林斯顿高等研究院的建立。1930年路易斯班伯格（LouisBamberger）和他的妹妹福尔德夫人（FelixFuld）捐资50

16、0万美元，请弗莱克斯纳帮助建立一所牙医学校。在费莱克斯纳的建议下，他们创办了一个专门从事科学研究的新型高级研究机构。经过三年的努力，爱因斯坦成为普林斯顿高等研究院的成员。消息一传出，学术界马上意识到：“物理学的教皇已经稳居美国，美国很快就成为世界自然科学中心。”弗莱克斯又先后聘请了奥地利的逻辑学神童库尔特戈德尔、德国数学巨星赫尔曼、外尔、年轻的数理科学家冯诺伊曼，数学家亚历山大和维布伦。就这样，对世界具有重大影响的普林斯顿高等研究院建立了起来。这所利用捐赠建立的研究院，没有教师，没有学生，没有科研课题任务，只有自由思考、潜心研究而不必为生计操心的研究人员。该研究院以数学开始，后来又发展了物理、

17、历史等学科。各研究部只设很少的终身教授，绝大多数成员是世界各地来访问研究的学者，在制度上非常灵活，来访问研究的学者有的到这里一年，短的只需几个月，研究院学术交流的氛围相当浓厚。普林斯顿高等研究院最终成为世界的学术圣地与真正的“学者的乐园”，这是与弗莱克斯纳的现代大学理念紧密相连的。快速阅读原文：Caught in the WebA few months ago, it wasnt unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. Shed wake up early, turn on her laptop

18、 and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.“I was starting to fee

19、l like my whole world was falling apart kind of slipping into a depression,” said Carla. “I knew that if I didnt get off the dating sites, Id just keep going,” detaching herself further from the outside world.Toebes conclusion: She felt like she was “addicted” to the Internet. Shes not alone.Concern

20、 about excessive Internet use isnt new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There is still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possibl

21、e.But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in

22、the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the web.“There is no question that therere people whore seriously in trouble because theyre overdoing their Internet involvement,” sa

23、id psychiatrist Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction.Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. “The Internet is an environment,” she said, “You cant be addicated to the environment.” Bishop describes the

24、 problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online.The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 25000 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was

25、conducted by Stanford University researchers. About 6% of respondents reported that “their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use.” About 9% attempted to conceal “nonessential Internet use,” and nearly 4% reported feeling “preoccupied by the Internet when offline.”About 8% said the

26、y used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they “found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.”“The Internet problem is still in its infancy,” said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford Professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use

27、, he said. “Theyre online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. The problem is not limited to porn or gambling” websites.Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but “in terms of losses,” said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. “It its

28、 a loss where youre not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then its too much.”Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U.S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the center for Inter

29、net Behavior.The website for Orzacks center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction: Having a sense of well-being or excitement while at the computer. Longing for more and more time at the computer. Neglect of family and friends. Feeling empty, depressed or irritab

30、le when not at the computer. Lying to employers and family about activities. Inability to stop the activity. Problems with school or job.Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene and sleep disturbances.People who struggle with excessive Internet use

31、may be depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discussed Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a “sense of belonging, an escape, excitement and fun,” she said. “Some people say relief because they find themselves so relaxed.”Some parts of

32、 the Internet seems to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a “gaming addiction”.Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sac