英译汉学期赏析篇目共计篇.docx

1、英译汉学期赏析篇目共计篇翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）学期赏析篇目 共计30篇1）For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who b

2、arter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? I dont want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there

3、 is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups - when they have to be acknowledged as “part

4、of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities - the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.对我的几个儿子来

5、说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果.乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子.乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动.但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？我无意将小地方的生活理想化.因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比如汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全.不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们.2）It should have been

6、easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation

7、s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendo

8、us personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该不是件难事.这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，

9、是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人.竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作.例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹.此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用.而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统.自约翰F肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家. 3）Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things a

10、re inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃） societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of fo

11、od, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动） towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In

12、 Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carr

13、y the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价.然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利.我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人.然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做.没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的.但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画.人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索

14、这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的.在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望.这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播.4）To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler c

15、ould find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede

16、 the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important sens

17、es grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mi

18、staken a stranger for a friend.因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同.一般来说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展.无论何时，旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑，见到同一款式的服饰，读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍.在大洋两岸，人们的思想观念，就容易同人员与货物一样，可以自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓.谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时，我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰，因为欧美之间（尤其是英美之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，而且在有的时候，是极低程度上的差异而已.差异的程度微乎其微，很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解.

19、重要的是，英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国，并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几-然而，实实在在是个异邦.两地有着莫名的共同之处，以及令人深感突兀的陌生感.原先的亲戚已形同陌路，就仿佛隔着马路招呼，等看到对方一脸茫然时，我们才意识到认错人.5）In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occup

20、y the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Be

21、yond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children

22、 need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person fo

23、r sustenance and in generational extension.另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女.当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由.后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此.在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭.夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某

24、种回报.在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子. 6）If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life

25、is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed eq

26、ually brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the wor

27、ld and by their intensity and virtue.如果人们使用“死不逢时”的时候有所指的话，那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终正寝，而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝.很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不逢时”-人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满.但是对于一个英年早逝的人，人们常常认为他的好日子还在后头，对他短暂的一生作出评价还为时尚早.然而，历史对此观点持否定态度.谈到英年早逝的人物，人们常常回想起马丽莲梦露和詹姆士迪恩斯.二人生命虽短，却功成名就.作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰济慈26岁便匆匆辞世的残酷现实，然而，当他们26岁时，只有自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了.那种认为生命短暂

28、就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的，因为评价一个人的一生应当看他给世人留下的印象，他所取得的成就，以及他的个人品质.7）Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was

29、thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A

30、game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary ru

31、les, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.努力是问题的关键.如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言.正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大.美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法.出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福.即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难.我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛.比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐.制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难.违

32、反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣.下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜.然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则.没有困难，也就没有乐趣.8）In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his

33、 cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were alre