英汉对比.docx

1、英汉对比Contrastive studies of English and Chinese I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government, it proved possible to reinstate,ri:insteit vt. 使恢复；使复原 the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。英语常常是表判断、结论在前，表事实、描写等在后，即先总提后分述，或先讲结果后追述过去，英语恰好相反；句中若有长短部分，英

2、语常常是先短后长，即头轻脚重（end-weight），汉语句序恰好相反；汉语的时间和逻辑顺序常常是优先到后、由因到果、假设到推论、事实到结论，而英语根据句子结构和意思灵活排列。I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我强烈认为，应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。Nowadays it is underst

3、ood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely

4、 its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，几乎是无可争辩的了。英语常用介词，汉语少用介词，英译汉时，常将英语的介词翻译成汉语的动词。1. What is he at?2. He is a man above all vulgar interests.3. if a man

5、couldnt walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasnt much of a politician.搞不好政治。汉语中没有类似that, which等起连接作用的代词和副词，在口语和非正式文体中常常借助助词、上下文和副词等表达，只在正式文体中才常用连接词，但出现频率不及英语。This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theo

6、ry of Relativity.就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行了一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence.他说得那么好听，谁都相信他是无辜的了。综合语与分析语Synthetic sinetik vs Analytic ,nlitik,-kl综合语运用形态变化来表达语法关系，分析语用语序及虚词来表达语法关系。汉语的谓语复杂多样，它可以是动、名词和形容词，可以说一个动词、多个动词，还可以没有动词。聚集compact与流散diffusive这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋脸型，两眼又

7、深又黑，披着又黑又密的头发。She is a pretty girl with an oval face, deep dark eyes and long heavy clinging tresses. tresiz n. 女子的长发；长而未束的女人头发v. 把（头发）梳理成绺被动(passive)与主动(active)这家工厂在地震中遭到严重破坏。This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake.The ceremony was abbreviated bri:vi,eitid by rain.因为下雨，仪式举行的很简单。Joh

8、n actually loved Mary and was loved in return.约翰真的爱玛丽，而玛丽也爱约翰。汉语常用主动形式表达英语的被动意义。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。当不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候，汉语可以采用无主句或主句省略句来保持句子的主动形式。英语注重句子结构齐整，句中不能没有主语，只好采用被动或其它句式，以便把施事者省略或隐藏起来。要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。Air resistance must be given carful cons

9、ideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured.用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。Best surface is provided by manufacturing methods, especially by grinding.These questions should not be confused.不要把Stative and Dynamic1.名词化是英语常见的现象。Nominalization医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。The doctors extremely quick a

10、rrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his speedy recovery.2.汉翻英时，用名词表示施事者，以代替动词他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。He is a nonsmoker and a teetotaler.You must be a very bad learner, or else you must be going to a very bad teacher.你一定不善于学习，要不然就是教你的人很不会教。She is the best hater Ive ever known. H

11、ow she got to hate me so much.我所认识的人当中，她最会记仇。她怎么会变得这么恨我呢。The boy is a master of complicator.那男孩可真会捣乱。Youre a clock-watcher today.你们今天老是看着钟表等着下班啊。Since he lost his job, hes been a loner.他失业之后，就很不合群了。名词优势造成介词优势。With these words, she went away.He has someone behind him.用形容词或副词表达动词的意义。The teacher thanke

12、d her pupils because they are very cooperative.学生合作得很好，老师向学生表示感谢。Down with the old and up with the new.破旧立新。汉语动词常常重复或重叠。来的来，去的去。Some come here and others go away.说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.要吃有吃，要穿有穿。You will have enough to eat and suff

13、icient to put on.学问，学问，要学要问；边学边问，才有学问。Acquisition of knowledge entails learning and seeking for truth.汉译英常常将动态转化为静态。一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.他深信，只有对历史加以透彻的研究，才能真正学到知识。He is in the full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history.