届二轮复习 议论文型完形填空解题练与析 学案12页word版.docx

1、届二轮复习 议论文型完形填空解题练与析 学案12页word版2018届二轮复习 议论文型完形填空解题练与析考点归纳： 议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：（1）开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。（2）导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说

2、明自己的论点。（3）最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。 基础必读：完形填空技巧之词汇复现词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词

3、、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。一、原词或同根词复现原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。2016陕西卷 (节选) Dad had a green comb.He bought it when he married Mum.Every night，he would hand me his _26_and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK？”26. A. bag B. walletC. comb D. bru

4、sh二、同义词或近义词复现同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。2016陕西卷 (节选)I was_27_to do it.At age five，this dull task brought me such_28_I would excitedly turn the tap_29_and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that Id don

5、e a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would_30_ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.27. A. annoyed B. relieved C. ashamed D. pleased28. A. joy B. sadness C. courage D. pain29. A. out B. over C. in D. on30. A. stare B. Smile C. shout D. laugh 反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中

6、出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。 I love how people can seem so different, but end up being so_Agenerous BindependentCsimilar Ddistant四、结构复现有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say th

7、at it is _1_ for children to work at home in their free time. _2_， they argue that most teachers do not _3_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.1A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cunfortunate Dunimportant2A.Nevertheless Bhowever CTherefore DMoreover3A.considerably Bfavourably Cproperly Dpleasantl

8、y【技能方法】完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。做完形填空应该从以下几个方面入手：一、利用首句信息，扑捉文章大意。完形填空题的首句是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，它是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对理解全文有着重要的启示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索，展开对文章发展的预测。二、利用逻辑推理，确定语段关系。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的，逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，深刻体会句段之间的理解关系。常用的逻辑连词主

9、要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。三、利用词汇复现，寻找解题线索。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复

10、现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。四、利用上下文意，甄别词语差异。 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。五、利用语法分析，破解句子结构。对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在

11、句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。六、利用文化常识，轻松选定答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路轻松解题。典题演练【一】A person should eat right, get some exercise, or he or she

12、 will look terrible in 25 years.And if the person drinks and smokes? Even _21_.Thats the message from Blue Cross Blue Shield.The _22_， called “Future You”， uses a digital camera and computer to compare a persons current image with his or her future _23_ without changes in bad habits.“Smoking can _24

13、_ your skin，” said Anna, a creative operation manager, “You can see what the results of the toxins (毒素) and the chemicals in _25_are.” Along with the potentially _26_ sight of ones older self, Future You offers sciencebased _27_ on what to eat, how much to exercise and other ways to _28_ your health

14、.But will it work? Too _29_ to tell was the verdict (意见) of Anna.“I want to see some data！” she said.Generally, Anna said, men show _30_ concern about their appearance than women.“Women say, That looks like my _31_ on the screen.” she said.“Men are more likely to _32_， Yeah, go ahead.Put it on Faceb

15、ook.” The project was raised more than a year ago to improve the overall (总体的) health of the people who are _33_ of this company.In addition, the growth in the ranks of _34_ customers would bring down the overall cost of health care.In coming weeks, two new ones will be _35_ in locations such as the

16、 American Tobacco Campus and the Museum of Natural Science.If users _36_， their information will be stored as secrets without names to create a database of good and bad _37_.The process is free and the response is not _38_， at least according to Valencia Robertson, one of a line of people who waited

17、 to _39_ the instrument on Thursday.“Im good, ” Robertson said after _40_ her future image.“Its not going to be a big difference.”语篇解读：将来的你长什么样子？新发明的“Future You”能通过分析你目前的生活习惯，然后推算出你将来的样子！文章建议人们应养成健康的饮食习惯。21A.easier BhappierCbitter Dworse解析：选D根据“if the person drinks and smokes？”可知，如果吸烟或喝酒的话那就更糟了。22A.

18、instrument Bpicture Cplace Dstructure解析：选A根据下文“.called Future You， uses a digital camera and computer to .”可推知，这里指仪器。instrument“仪器”；picture“图画”；place“地方”；structure“结构”。23A.wealth BcharacterCappearance D.education解析：选C根据上文“compare a persons current image with”可知，这里是指将一个人现在和未来的外表进行比较。24A.reflect Bboth

19、er C.ruin Daffect解析：选D吸烟会影响你的皮肤。故选D。25A.cigarette Bbeers Cmedicines D.foods解析：选A你可以看到烟里的毒素和化学物质会导致什么结果。故选A。26A.confusing BconvincingC.depressing D.exciting解析：选C根据下文“ones older self”可知，看到自己老了以后的形象会感到沮丧。confusing“令人疑惑的”；convincing“令人信服的”；depressing“令人沮丧的”；exciting“令人兴奋的”。故选C。27A.opinions Bplans Cthoug

20、ht Dadvice解析：选DFuture You会提供饮食、运动以及其他方面的科学建议。故选D。28A.break Bdamage Cpreserve D.change解析：选C通过饮食、运动及其他一些方式来保持健康。故选C。29A.possible Bnatural Cearly Dclear解析：选C根据下文“I want to see some data！”可知，要判断仪器的效果现在还尚早。故选C。30A.deeper Bless Chigher Dstronger解析：选B根据下文“Yeah, go ahead.Put it on Facebook.”可知，男士不像女士那样关心自己的

21、外貌。故选B。31A.son Bfather Cdaughter D.mom解析：选D女人说，屏幕上的自己像她的妈妈。故选D。32A.guess Bsay Cdoubt Dwonder解析：选B男人更有可能会说。故选B。33A.customers Bmanagers C.secretaries D.cleaners解析：选A根据第34空后“customers”可知，这里指的是消费者。故选A。34A.cautious Bsmart Ccareless Dgenerous解析：选B根据下文“customers would bring down the overall cost of health

22、care.”可知，这样的消费者增长将会使整体的医疗费用降低，由此可推知，消费者是精明的。cautious“谨慎的”；smart“聪明的”；careless“粗心的”；generous“慷慨的”。故选B。35A.showing up Bthought out Csold out Ddying out解析：选A在接下来的几周，两款新式的仪器将会出现。show up“出现”；think out“想出”；sell out“卖出”；die out“灭绝”。故选A。36A.know Bagree C.come Dlisten解析：选B如果使用者允许的话，他们的信息将会被匿名保存，并用来建立一个好坏习惯的数

23、据库。故选B。37A.habits Bchoices C.methods Dplans解析：选A参见上题解析。故选A。38A.nice Bcool Cstrange D.bad解析：选D程序是免费的，而且反响不错。故选D。39A.repair Bsell Ctry D.buy解析：选C分析句子结构可知，39空所在的分句作Valencia Robertson的同位语；由下文可知，Valencia Robertson是尝试过这套仪器的体验者之一。故选C。40A.drawing Bviewing C.picturing D.imaging解析：选B根据上文“Im good”以及下文“Its not

24、going to be a big difference.”可推知，Robertson是看过自己未来形象之后说的这些话。故选B。【二】For much of the earliest history of our species, home may have been nothing more than a small fire and the light it cast on a few familiar faces. But whatever else _1_ is and however it entered our consciousness its a way of organizi

25、ng _2_in our minds. Home is home，and everything else is nothome.Not that you cant feel “at home” in _3_ places. But theres a big psychological _4_ between feeling at home and being home. Feeling at home in other places is simply a way of saying that the nothomeness of those places has _5_ since you

26、first arrived. Some people，as they _6_ through their lives，rediscover home again and again. Some people never find another after once _7_ home. And，of course，some people _8_ leave the only home theyve always known.Homesick children know how _9_ the boundary between home and nothome can be because th

27、ey _10_ the difference. I know the _11_ because I was one of them. I felt a strong connection between people _12_ in the small town I grew up in. But spending the _13_ away from home，such as sleeping at my friends houses, made everything seem alien. And yet when I got back home in the morning，home w

28、as as usual. That was the _14_home is a place so _15_ that you dont even have to notice it.And theres something more. _16_my father died，my brothers and sisters and I went back to his _17_，where hed lived alone. It wasnt only his _18_ we felt. It was as though something had _19_ from every object in

29、 the house. They had，in fact，become _20_ objects. The person whose heart and mind could combine(结合)them into a single thinga homehad gone.1A.history BhomeCfire Dlight2A.space Btime Cwork Dconcept3A.enough Ball Csuch Dother4A.connection BbalanceCrelationship Ddifference5A.changed BremainedCreduced Di

30、ncreased6A.move BdevelopCsearch Dchoose7A.returning BleavingCfinding Dforgetting8A.also Bagain Cnever Dever9A.limited Bclose Csharp Dcommon10A.learn from Bsuffer fromCthink about Dspeak about11A.feeling Billness Cimpression Dsense12A.nowhere BeverywhereCsomewhere Danywhere13A.morning Bnoon Cafternoon Dnight14A.result Bview Cproblem Dpoint15A.familiar Bsafe Csimilar Dwarm16A.Before BUntil CThough DAfter17A.office Bhometown Chouse Dlaboratory18A.kindness Bbrightness Cabsence Dappearance19A.esc