最新现代大学英语第五册修辞总结.docx

1、最新现代大学英语第五册修辞总结高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）序号修辞类别定义/特点1Simile（明喻）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。2Metaphor（隐喻）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。3Allusion（暗引/引喻）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是

2、源出圣经故事以及希腊、罗马神话、伊索寓言和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。4Parody (仿拟)根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语，临时更换其中的某个部分，造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句，在保持其原句不变的情况下，更换其中部分词语，这种修辞方式叫仿拟。5Metonymy（转喻/借代）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。例如：the white house-the President, the crown- the king/queen, purse- money6Synecdoche（提喻）又称举隅法主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体

3、，或以具体代抽象。7Transferred epithet (转类形容词/移就）采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词。8Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法a compressed paradox)用两种不相调和，甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以便收到奇警的修辞效果，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。9Hyperbole（夸张）夸张是一种故意言过其实，或夸大或缩小事物的形象，借以突出事物的某种特征或品格，鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。10Understatement （低调陈述/含蓄陈述）litotes（反叙/间接肯定法, 反语法）指用反

4、语的否定来表示肯定的一种修辞法It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement.11Contrast(对照)是把两个相反的事物或一件事物的正反两方面放在一起，在比较和衬托之中突出不同事物的矛盾性12Antithesis(对语、对句、平行对照)是把意义相反或相对的语言单位排列在平行、对称的结构里,以求取一种匀称的形式美和强烈的对照感。Antithesis 有两个特点:一是语义上的对照性,二是结构上的对称性。13Parallelism（平行结构，对句法，对仗）a balance of two or more similar words, phras

5、es, or clauses.14Epigram (警句、隽语）是一种语体，短小机智的妙语、警句和名言都算做隽语15Paradox (似非而是的隽语）这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法似是而非的隽语是一个言论自由的声明或命题于表面看来似乎是自相矛盾的，荒谬的，或者违反既定事实或做法，但在进一步的思考和研究，可能被证明是真的，理由充分16Chiasmus(回文/交错配列法）两个排比结构中第二个所用的修辞上的倒装，(如:She went to Paris; New to York went he.)17Anaphora首语(句)重复法repeating a word

6、 or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences18 Alliteration（头韵法）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。19Onomatopoeia（拟声）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall a

7、mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expres

8、sion of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing of a bull)L7-2: unit

9、ed with others of our country in everything like the fingers of the hand. (comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech.as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I

10、was what they called gingercolored.like a crisp ginger cookie. (comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs. hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals) L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced a

11、bout sent my right eye popping. my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receivers fingertips.L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag. 2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation procl

12、amation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: when the unjust is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice; the junk heaps o

13、f historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”) L1-27: When our daysinto bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A

14、room of ones ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrators brain to a precision instr

15、ument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers s

16、till smoldered. (comparing Pollys mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: Ive never met anyone the second time around. (The metaphor

17、of record player is used.)3. Allusion: L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid) L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting

18、 place, and we sat down under an old oak (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight surreal episodes（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25:

19、 Is our democracy of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henrys speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I des

20、erve to be called a professional woman with my neighbors. (Butchers bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart” stands for “feelings and emot

21、ions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall a mighty stream.

22、city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government) L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferr

23、ed epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “

24、is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for ef

25、fect)L5-50: he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Its an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, ho

26、llow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupti

27、ng. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis: L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: love is iden

28、tified denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence but you cant murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you cant murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair; wealth vs. poverty (economic);

29、comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology) dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows; segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearan

30、ce)L1-27: When our daysinto bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire w

31、axing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at mea brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Peteya knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: confrontation of the forces the status quo. forces of power demanding change (present participle) forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed and anemic.power without