英诗汉译讲解.docx

1、英诗汉译讲解The Canterbury TalesWhen the sweet showers of April fall and shoot当四月带来它那甘美的骤雨，Down through the drought of March to pierce the root,让三月里的干旱湿到根子里，Bathing every vein in liquid power让浆汁滋润每棵草木的茎脉，From which there springs the engendering of the flower,凭其催生的力量使花开出来；When also Zephyrus with his sweet

2、breath当和风甜美的气息挟着生机，Exhales an air in every grove and heath吹进树林和原野上的嫩芽里，Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun年轻的太阳也已进入白羊座，His half-course in the sign of the Ram has run,已把白羊座一半的路程走过，And the small fowls are making melody而小鸟小雀唱着各自的曲调That sleep away the night with open eye整夜里它们都睁着眼睛睡觉(So nature pric

3、ks them and their heart engages) 这是大自然拨弄着它们心声）；The people long to go on pilgrimages这时候人们也就渴望去朝圣，And palmers long to seek the stranger strands游方僧也就渴望去异地他乡，Of far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands,去各地知名于世的神龛圣堂。And specially, from every shires end无论英格兰各郡的东西南北，In England, down to Canterbury they wend

4、人们尤其要去的是坎特伯雷，To seek the holy blissful martyr, quick去拜谢恩泽万民的殉难圣徒，In giving help to them when they were sick.因为人们有病时他给予救助。Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date.能否把你比作夏日璀璨？你

5、却比炎夏更可爱温存；狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍，夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmed:苍天明眸有时过于灼热，金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳；一切优美形象不免褪色，偶然摧折或自然地老去。But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose pos

6、session of that fair thou owst;Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢，秀雅风姿将永远翩翩；死神无法逼你气息奄奄，你将永生于不朽诗篇。 只要人能呼吸眼不盲 这诗和你将千秋流芳。Shakespeare Sonnet 29When

7、, in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself and curse my fate, 面对命运的抛弃，世人的冷眼，我唯有独自把飘零的身世悲叹我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳的苍天，诅咒自己的时运，顾影自怜。Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featured like him, like him with frien

8、ds possessed, Desiring this mans art and that mans scope, With what I most enjoy contented least;我但愿，愿胸怀千般心愿，愿有三朋六友和美貌之颜；愿有才华盖世，有文采斐然，唯对自己的长处，偏偏看轻看淡。Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, si

9、ngs hymns at heavens gate; For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings.我正耽于这种妄自菲薄的思想，猛然间想到了你，顿时景换情迁，我忽如破晓的云雀凌空振羽，讴歌直上天门，把苍茫大地俯瞰。但记住你柔情招来财无限，纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江山。 by 辜正坤Francis Bacon Of StudyStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their

10、chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.王佐良: 语言之有魅力，风格之值得研究，主要是因为后面有一个大的精神世界：但这两者又必须艺术地融合在一起，因此语言表达力同思想洞察力又是互相促进的。读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。For expert men

11、 can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules

12、, is the humour of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, exc

13、ept they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, andabove them, won by observation. Read not to contradi

14、ct and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; t

15、hat is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner s

16、ort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man writ

17、e little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathemat

18、ics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in morse.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropria

19、te exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。So if a mans wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demons

20、trations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores.If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study

21、the lawyers cases.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。To Mr. Cyriack Skinner upon his BlindnessCyriack, this three years day these eyes, though clear,To outward view, of blemish or o

22、f spot;Bereft of light their seeing have forgot,Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appear西里克，看我这眼睛，外表虽清明，看不出瑕疵或损伤，却整整三年不曾见光明，忘掉了视查的能力，在茫茫岁月里，我这无用的双眼，Of Sun, or Moon, or Star, throughout the year,Of man, or woman.Yet I argue notAgainst heavens hand or will, nor bate a jotOf heart or hope; but still be

23、ar up and steer再也瞧不见太阳，月亮和星星，男人和女人。然而我并不抱怨神的安排或意旨，我依然充满了热情与信心。我还能勇往直前，Right onward.What supports me, dost thou ask?The conscience, Friend, to have lost them overpliedIn libertys defence, my noble task,Of which all Europe talks from side to side.This thought might lead me through the worlds vain mask

24、Content though blind, had I no better guide.忍受着一切。你要问什么在支撑我？朋友，是一种认识：为保卫自由，为完成这全欧闻名的崇高任务，我才累得失明。即使我没有更好的指引，就这种思想已足以支持我了此尘缘，虽失明而无疚。Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Chesterfield Samuel JohnsonBy 王佐良伯爵大人阁下：近承世界报社长见告，介绍拙编字典之两篇文字乃出自阁下之手笔。愚过去从无受名公巨卿垂青之经验，今遇此殊荣，诚不知如何接受，何辞以谢也。忆昔在轻微鼓励之下，初趋崇阶，余与世人无异

25、，窃为阁下之风度所倾倒，不禁沾沾自喜，自以为“世界之征服者之征服者”亦不过如是矣;举世竞求之恩宠，余从此可以获得矣;但余之趋侯似不受欢迎，自尊与谦逊之心均不许我继续造次。 昔曾公开致书阁下，竭布衣之士所能有之一切伎俩以相奉承。余已尽余之所能为;纵微屑不足道，但任何人皆不愿见其奉承之遭人轻蔑也。 阁下乎，自余在尊府外室听候召见，或尝受闭门羹之滋味以来，已七年于兹矣!在此期间，余备尝艰苦，努力推进余之工作，终于将近杀青，曾无一臂之助，无一言温勉，无一笑之宠。此种遭遇非余始料所及。因余以前从无保护人也。 维吉尔诗中之牧羊人终于认识爱情之真面目，发现爱情乃如山居野人一般之残酷。所谓保护人者，阁下乎，岂

26、见人溺水作生命挣扎而无动于衷，方其抵岸乃援以手耶?今谬承关注余之艰苦工作，设能早日来到，则余受惠不浅矣。但迟迟不来，今则余已不复加以重视，无从享受;余已丧偶，无人分享;余己略有声名，不再需要。对于不曾从中受益之事不表感激，关于上天助我独力完成之事不愿世人误为得力于保护人，此种态度似不能视为狂傲无礼也。 余既已进行工作至此阶段，曾无任何学术文人眷顾，则于完成工作之际如遭受更少之眷顾，假使其为可能，余亦将不觉失望;因余已自大梦初醒，不复怀有希望，如往昔之怀抱满腔热望，自命为阁下之最低微最忠顺之门下士 约翰逊Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardElegy Wri

27、tten in a Country ChurchyardThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. 乡村墓地挽歌 丰华瞻译 晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径。农人荷锄犁，倦倦回家门， 惟我立旷野，独自对黄昏。 For them no more the blazing hearth sh

28、all burn, Or busy housewife ply her evening care: No children run to lisp their sires return, Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share. 熊熊炉中火，不为先人焚。不复有主妇，殷勤理家政。无复小儿女，趋奔迎父亲，竞上慈父膝，偎爱又接吻。Full many a gem of purest ray serene, The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear: Full many a flower is born to blus

29、h unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. 多少珍宝石，灿烂放光芒，埋藏大海底，美好无人赏。多少鲜花朵，开在荒原上，娇艳无人见，空自扬芬芳。 Far from the madding crowds ignoble strife, Their sober wishes never learned to stray; Along the cool sequestered vale of life They kept the noiseless tenor of their way. 岂似市朝人，纷争似癫狂。淳朴爱宁静，安分守规章。闲居幽

30、谷中，穷乡又僻壤。孤陋寡见闻，默默度时光。Haply some hoary-headed swain may say, Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn Brushing with hasty steps the dews away To meet the sun upon the upland lawn. “东方天欲晓，山头频见君。足履青草露，快步向前行。登上小山丘，来把朝阳迎。There at the foot of yonder nodding beech That wreathes its old fantastic roots so h

31、igh, His listless length at noontide would he stretch,And pore upon the brook that babbles by. “山上有老树，枝叶迎风摇。树根成怪形，蜷曲又盘绕。日中君困倦，树荫卧逍遥。静看小溪水，潺潺起浪涛。Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn, Muttering his wayward fancies he would rove, Now drooping, woeful wan, like one forlorn, Or crazed with care, or crossed in hopeless love. “山麓树林畔，时时独遨游。遐想露笑容，低吟乐悠悠。有时怀忧伤，面容见消瘦。偷弹相思泪，黯黯怀春愁。One morn I missed him on the customed hill, Along the heath