必修4动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语.docx

1、必修4动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词 -ing 形式作表语1.表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her jobHis hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态 （动词 ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的 现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感

2、情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 常见的有： astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting 等（这类分词表示“令人 .的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling.The news sounds encouraging.二、 动词 -ing 形式作定语1.单个的动词 -ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能

3、。a reading room = a room which is used for readingrunning shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法reading material 阅读材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room.There is a swimming pool in our school. 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注

4、意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖living room 起居室 running water 自来水2.作定语的动词 -ing

5、形式如是一个短语， 则应放在被修饰词的后面 ,做后置定语， 相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket? (=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。In the following years he

6、worked even hard.在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了 The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor s father.正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。三、动词 -ing 形式作宾补1、动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时 , 原来作宾语补足语

7、的动词 -ing 形式便转换为主语 补足语。They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用 -ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词 :1） 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词， （常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, catch, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth （作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.I caught a stranger sliding

8、 into the manager s office.2） 表示指使意义的动词使役动词， （常见的有 have, set, keep, get, leave 等） +sb/ sth + doing sth （ 作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。I won t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。This sets me thinking.You shouldn t keep your lights burning in the day. 4 、see, h

9、ear, feel, watch 等动词之后用 -ing 形式和动词不定式 （省 to） 作宾语补 足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing. 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。四、动词 -ing 形式作状语动词 -ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行 为方式或伴随情况等 ,相当于相对应的状语从句。动词 -ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随 情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 （有时可在动词 -ing

10、 前加一个表时间的 连词，如 when, while 等）Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparations.）Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.Having finished his homework, Henry went home. （= After having finished his homework/After he had fi

11、nished his homework, Herny went home.) 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 (= Since he was ill.)Being poor, he couldn t afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn t afford a TV set.)Not knowing his phone number, we couldn t get in touch with him.(= Because

12、we didn t know his phone number,we couldn t get intouch with him.)3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱 .European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in the world.(= European football is played in 80 c

13、ountries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功Using your head, you ll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you ll find a good way.)Driving too fast, you ll d

14、amage the car. (=If you drive too fast, you ll damage the car)5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all theyear round), the poor peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school.这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighe

15、d almost onehundred jin), the box was lifted by him with one hand.6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money(=they were begging fo

16、r money). 这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door). 他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。、同义句转换（用动词 -ing 形式）1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, the delay.2.John watched curiously and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.Joh

17、n watched curiously, that the woman seemed a little crazy.3.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him. for the train, I had a long talk with him.4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home. , I stayed at home.5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office. ri

18、ght at the second crossing, you will find the post office.6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightened at it. by a snake, she was frightened at it. 二、选择填空1. Though I have often heard this song , I have never heard you it.A.being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to besung;

19、 to sing2. It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned3.He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket ofa passenger.4.Did you meet anyone at the party? No, in fact, I found the party rather .A. interesting; boring B. interested; boringC. inte

20、resting; bored D. interested; bored5.The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing6.Don t leave the water while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run7.The boy was last seen near the East Lake.to play8.A cook wi

21、ll be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked9.His job is all the children.is theafter10. -Do you know the girl _ near the window?-She is my deskmate.A.seating B.standingC.is sittingD.is standing11. What worried the boy most was to visit his fatherho

22、spital.A.his not being allowed B.his not allowingC.his not been allowed D.his being not allowed12.Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy the useof mobile phones on campus?A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.being permitted13.-Was yesterday s conference successful?-Not really. Th

23、e number of was much smaller than we hadexpected.A.people who attend B.people attended C.people attendingD.people attend14. such a good chance, how could she let it slip?A.Having been given B.Having given C.To being given D.To have given15.Living near the sea, .A.we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sig

24、ht.B.fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoyC.it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoyD.so we enjoy fresh and beautiful sight16.Thinking about the fact that I was not well prepared ,and to lose my face, I gave up the English contest.want17.There are many mistakes in his essay, his failure.A

25、.which results B.leading to C.led to D.that led to18.such heavy loss, the businessman doesn t have the courage to go on.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered19. the project,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completedC.Not having completed D.Having no

26、t completed20.Though natural resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in21. , he seems to be very nervous.A.Judge from appearance B.Judges from appearanceC.Judged from appearance D.Judging from appearan动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的 -ing 形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。 首先，动词的 -ing 形式在起名词作用

27、 时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。一、 动词的 -ing 形式用作主语时为动名词 ，现在分词不可以用作主语。1 动名词用作主语 .Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。2 有时 it 作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面看那本书是浪费时间。It s no use talking with him. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book.3. “ There is + no ”后可以用动名词作主语There was no arguing wit

28、h her. 没法和她争论。二、 动词的 -ing 形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1 有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。2 有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。三、 当动词的 -ing 形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示 时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随 情 况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climb

29、ing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Having money, he will buy a bigger car. （表条件）Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it. （表让步）The child fell, striking his head against th

30、e door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了 .（表结果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着 .（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的 -ing 的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当 动词的 -ing 的作用相当于形容词时，动词的 -ing 为现在分词。1 动名词用作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的

31、事是及时到达那里。2 现在分词用作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。 This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。 The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即 : 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主 谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能 . 两 者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个 for 加动名词的短语。1 动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水 swimming suit 游泳衣 2 现在分词作定语developing countries 发展中国家 growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑 the remaining days 剩下的岁月六、动名词与现在分词都可