经济类英文词汇之欧阳育创编.docx

1、经济类英文词汇之欧阳育创编关于经济的英语单词时间：2021.02.04创作：欧阳育rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 呵护主义autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济primary sector 初级成

2、分private sector 私营成分,私营部分public sector 公共部分,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济摆荡economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济恢复understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economi

3、c trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 充足stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发财underdeveloped 不发财的developing 成长中的国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入

4、input 宏观控制 exercise macrocontrol 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into 改良经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 nonpublic sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议 plenary session 解放生产力 liberate/unshac

5、kle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制 familycontract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone

6、 零售 retail 发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使承担 be saddled with 营业发财的公司 going concerns 被兼并或挤失落 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 成长过快 excessive growth 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(

7、excluded) 实际增长率 actual growth rate 国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages 分派形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基来源根基则（1）社会主义路途（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持变革开放 the centra

8、l task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to MarxismLeninism and Mao Zedong Thought and persisting in reform and opening. 变革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我成长

9、”。 Reform is the selfperfection and selfdevelopment of the socialist system. 我们辩白的标准是看这样做是否有利于成长社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national s

10、trength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同充裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the fin

11、al achievement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the Left deviations, particularly of the deeprooted Left influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against

12、the Leftdeviation. 资本主义和社会主义其实不是以计划经济和市场的几多来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and marketeconomy.随着变革的深化，国家指令性计划的规模将会缩小，而市场调节的规模将会扩年夜。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces

13、 will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分派。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构变革。 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism 阐扬市场

14、的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法令的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purchase a

15、nd marketing of agricultural products 变革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为贫弱、民主、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the countrys industry, agriculture, n

16、ational defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of product

17、ion, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家包管国有经济的巩固和成长。 The state ensures the co

18、nsolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一财产 primary industry 第二财产 secondary industry 第三财产 tertiary industry生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive for

19、ces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，否决浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreignfunded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enter

20、prise 亚洲金融危机 financial crisis in Asia沿海经济开发区 open coastal economic area养老保险 endowment insurance 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll以产定人,减员增效 employ workers in accordance with productionneedsand increase efficiency while reducing the staff 异地资金汇划 fund remittance between different places 一个中心,两个基本点 one central

21、task, two basic points 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同成长 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side 一级市场 primary market 溢价 premium 溢价刊行债券(以超出票面金额价刊行债券) issue of bonds at a premium 以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction一揽子

22、(计划) onepackage (plan) 一揽子购买 lumpsum purchase; basket purchase以人为本 people oriented; people foremost 以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市 open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai隐性收入 invisible income; offpayroll income; side money

23、以质量求生存、求成长、求效益 strive for survival,development and efficiency on the basis of quality 以质量求成长 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products 以资证明 in witness whereof; in testimony thereof印花税 stamp duty / tax隐性就业 unregistered employment 隐形牧人 invisible income; offpayroll i

24、ncome 隐性失业 recessive unemployment赢利能力 profitability营销管理 marketing management营业税 turnover tax; business tax 永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) 优化结构 optimize structure 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure优化资源配置 optimize the allocation of resources 优化组合 optimization grouping; optional

25、 regrouping 优惠存款 loans on favorable terms 有机农业 organic agriculture优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 优势互补 (of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages 幼稚工业 infant industry游资 idle money / fund; floating capital与国际惯例接轨 become compatible with internationally accepted practices 与国际市场接轨 integr

26、ate with the world market; become integrated into theglobal market 预算外收入 extrabudgetary revenue 预算外支出 offbudget expenditure远景规划 perspective longterm plan 远景计划 longterm development targets 远期合同 forward contract 原始资本 original capital再存款 relending; subloan 在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises (incubator) 再就

27、业办事中心 reemployment service center 再就业工程 reemployment project / program 宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers 在途资金 fund in float增发股票 increase issues in stocks 增加信任,减少麻烦,成长合作,不搞对立 enhance trust, reduce trouble,develop cooperation and avoid confrontation 造假帐 falsified accounts 增值税 value added tax(

28、VAT) 渣打银行 The Chartered Bank 债台高筑 become debtridden债转股 debttoequity swap 招标 invite a bid 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 招股说明书 prospectus 招商局 China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants) 招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)向阳财产 sunrise industry 折旧费 de

29、preciation charge 折衷计划 a compromise proposal 振兴经济 revitalize the economy政策性存款 policybased lending; policyrelated loan 政策性亏损 policyrelated losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions 政策银行 policy banks政府推销 government procurement 政府搭台，部分推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments coop

30、erate and enterprise put in the show. 政府干预 government intervention 政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up 政企分隔 separate government functions from enterprise management 证券化 securitisation 证券监督管理委员会 se

31、curities supervision commission 证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange支付能力 payment capacity直接三通与双向交流 three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade)and bilateral exchanges质量管理 quality control 质量认证体系认证证书 certificate of the system of quality certification 知识产权 intellectual property 知识经济 knowledgebased economy 知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledgebase economy直销 direct marketing; doortodoor sale 滞销商品 unmarketable go