初二下学期知识点总结.docx

1、初二下学期知识点总结知识解析（斜体加横线的部分更要注意）一接doing的常见词 finish doing sth enjoy doing sth practice doing sth mind doing sth feel like doing sth. Have a hard time doing sth.(做某事很难)stop sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事）thank you for doing sth=thanks for doing sth. How about doing=what about doinghave fun doing sth.（愉快的做某事）It

2、s time for doing sth= Its time to do sth.（该是做.的时间了）Its time for sb. to do sth. 该是某人做某事的时候了see/hear/watch/find sb doing sth(看见，听见，观察到，发现某人正在做某事)see/hear/watch/find sb do sth(看见，听见，观察到，发现某人做某事)二 接to do的常见词ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事) My father ask me to study hard. He ask me not to swim

3、 alone. decide on sth 决定某事 decide on doing sth = decide to do sth决定做某事 get sb. to do sth.want to do sth=would like to do sth.(想要做某事) want sb to do sth=would like sb to do sth（想要某人做某事） hate to do (讨厌做某事) invite sb to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)hope/wish to do sth. 希望做某事 cant wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)wish sb. to

4、 do sth. 希望某人做某事help sb. to do sth. / help sb.do sth. /help sb with sth.帮助某人做某事tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要)去做某事agree to do(同意做某事) agree with (同意某人的观点)三接do的常见词为什么不（表建议的句型，注意用动词原形）Why dont you do sth. ? Why not do sth. ?make sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth. / have sb. do sth（让某人做某事）had better（not） d

5、o sth. 最好做（不做）某事 (注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)四、 （一）既能接to do 又能接doing的词及区别like to do=love to do喜欢做某事(表示一次性的动作)like doing sth.=love doing sth. 喜欢做某事（表示经常性，习惯性的动作）like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(两件事) (常考) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(一件事) (常考)remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记去做某事（动作未发生） re

6、member/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事（动作已发生）try to do sth. 尽力，尽量，努力做某事（有想成功的意图）try doing sth 尝试着，试图做某事（就是试一试，不强调成不成功）（二）以下动词接不定式和动名词均可，但含义不同 (1) remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较： Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter

7、. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生) He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了) (2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)： Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。 Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 (3) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事： He stopped sp

8、eaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。 He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。 （4）.give sb sth=give sth to sb(给某人某物）show sb. Sth.=show sth to sb.(向某人展示某物)五句型（三）1. It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.Eg: It is important for me to learn English. 2. I

9、t takes sb. some time/money to do sth.=sb. Spend（s）time/money (on sth.) =sb. Spend（s）some time/money (in) doing sth.=sth. costs sb. some time/money =sb. pay some money for sth. 花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间/金钱做某事(常考)eg: It takes me two hours to clean t

10、he room.sb.spend(s) some time/money (in)doing sth. /on sth.花费时间/金钱做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考) eg: She spends three hours (in) reading a book. eg: She spends two days (in) doing this work/on this work.What do you think of sth.=how do you like sth.Unit1 Can you come to my party?1.can you come to my party? 肯定

11、回答：sure, Id love to 否定回答：Sorry, I cant. I have to. No, I cant. I am doing.2、Thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事thanks for asking = thanks for inviting = thanks for your invitation3、invite sb. to do sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事4、thanks a lot 非常感谢 the whole day= all the day一整天the whole story 整个故事 the wh

12、ole yearthe day after tomorrow 后天. the day before yesterday 前天come over to +名词 顺便来到某处Can you come over to my house?Unit2 Im more outgoing than my sister . 形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般

13、单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-o

14、w结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremo

15、stlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest比较级是两者之间进行的比较，一定要掌握规则与不规则的形容词和副词的比较级的变法。句子中如果有than 就找比较级，than 是关键词1.Im more outgoing than my sister . 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象2. Lin Tao is as tall as his father. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as（副词）+ adj./ adv. +

16、as(连词) 和.一样 （其中as.as之间的形容词或副词必须用原级）； 它的否定式是：not as(so) . assame前常有定冠词the look the sameI like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . (这是个定语从句)like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是 喜欢 ；而are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是 像 。要注意区别like的词性。3. 比较级的用法:1）A+形容词比较级+than+ BSusan

17、 is happier than Jane.His brother is younger than me.Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit, much more来修饰。Very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级。2）数字+形容词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”（more and more+多

18、音节词的原级）The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China becomes more and more stronger.4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越就越”The more I study it, the more I like it.5）which/who +is +比较级Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier, you or me?（如果后面的三者的话要用最高级）4注意前后的比较对象一定要保持一致如： The population/weather of

19、 Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(此句子中用that来代替人口和天气，如果前面的是复数后面要用those来代替。另外形容人口的多少，如果是人口多就用large ,少就用small)Unit3 how do you make a banana milk shake1.Turn on the blender.1）turn on 打开（电器等） 反义词：turn off关上（电器等）。2）关于turn的词组：turn up（音量调大，调高） turn down （把音量调小，调低）turn in 上交 turn into 使成为，翻译成 turn t

20、o 转向3）辨析：turn on/openturn on表示打开(电灯，自来水开关，煤气，无线电等) 注意代词放中间：turn it onopen 表示敞开，展开，使；露在外面。open the window2.Cut up the bananas. 将香蕉切成块。1）cut up 切碎后跟代词宾语时应该放在cut和up的中间，接名词宾语时放在后面2）cutin two/half 把切成两半/cut down 砍到/cutinto pieces 把切成碎块3.Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒进果汁机里。1)pourinto把倒进里2）pour还意为：（雨）

21、倾盆而下，下大雨。4.Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender.把香蕉和冰淇淋放进果汁机里。1）put.into=putin:那放进里去2）putinto还有“把译成”的意思。Put the sentence into English,please.有关put的词组：put away把收起来放好/put on 穿上/put off 推迟，延期/put out 熄灭/put down 放下/put up 建造，挂起，举起/puton把放在上Addto .把加到上去5.How do you make a banana milk shake? 你是

22、怎么样制作香蕉奶昔的？1）就做某事的方法，方式，途径及动作程度等进行提问用how: 意为“怎样，如何”2）make: 制作。 make sb. sth=make sth for sb.6.How many bananas do we need?/How much yogurt do we need?1)How many? 多少（可数名词）How much? 多少（不可数名词）/多少钱？2）need当实义动词：需要，必须。 need sth./need to do sth.或sth. needs doingneed当情态动词：一般用于否定句和疑问句中，need后+动词原形Unit4 How wa

23、s your school trip?一.Did you go to the zoo?1)Did you？ 你做了吗？是过去时态的一般疑问句，用于询问别人在过去某一时 间是否做了某事。 Did you visit Mr Wang last Sunday? -Yes,we did.2)did做助动词，一般用于一般过去时态的疑问句及其答语和否定句中，相当于一般现在 时中的do和does.在句中没有实际意义，只用来帮助完成疑问句和否定句。He watched TV last night.（变一般疑问句）- Did he watch TV last night?注意：did后面+动词原形3）did除了

24、用作助动词以外，还可用作实义动词，即do的过去式，意为“做，干”He did his homework after supper last night.当did做实义动词时，疑问句和否定句中切记把did恢复成动词原形do.2.hang out with her friends 和她的朋友们闲逛hang out 闲逛（美国俚语） 1） hang 作为”悬挂”解时，是不规则动词，过去式和过去分词都是hung.2） hang作“吊死，绞死”解时，是规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为hanged.3.bought a souvenir 买一件纪念品buy sb. sth=buy sth.for sb. 给

25、某人买某物。 buy sth. from ：从买某物4.What else did you do? 你还做别的事了吗？else “另外，其他” 常用于修饰不定代词，疑问代词或副词，也可以修饰all,much,little等 词，修饰这些词时，else要放在后面，做后置定语。other也是“其他的，别的”意思，但other是形容词，用来修饰名词时，需放在名词之前。5.Did you win that hat? 你赢了那顶帽子了吗?辨析： win/beatwin通常跟a game, a war, a prize之类的词。 beat后跟人。6.day off休假日 on my last day of

26、f 在我上一次休假日 (注意介词要用on) on my next day off 在我下个休假日7.in the future特指将来的某一个时刻,表示真正意义上的将来。in future 表示“从今以后”的意思=form now on8. be famous for是“因而出名”for 后面接的是出名的原因。而be famous as 是“作为而出名”as后面接的宾语是主语的同位语。如：He is famous for his novels.他因为他的小说而出名，（不能说He is his novel他是他的小说。for结构的不可以这么说）Lu Xun was famous as a wri

27、ter.鲁迅作为作家而出名（可以说Lu Xun was a writer.鲁迅是作家。as 结构的可以这么说。）The town is famous as a wine-producing place.这个镇是一个出名的产酒镇。（可以说The town is a wine-producing place.这个镇是个产酒镇。） 二重点句子1. How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样？how 用于提问情况/状态2. Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.最后，他们虽然感到疲劳但却也很开心

28、，他们坐公车回学校。take the bus back to school = go back to school by bus3. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the trip.在那天结束时，科学老师很高兴，因为他们的班长在郊游结束后清洁了公车。at the end of 在的结尾 at the end of the street 在街道的末尾at the end of this year 在今年年尾in th

29、e end = at last = finally 最后In the end, we were very tired.4. Did you have fun camping? 你们野营玩得开心吗？have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心They had fun singing and dancing in the party last night.Unit 5 When was he born?一、固定搭配和重点句型1When was he born?He was born in 1895.be born出生于（be用过去时态形式was或were，因为人的出生多为发生在过

30、去的事，所以用一般过去时，born是bear的过去分词。be born 是被动语态）The great pianist was born on October 10th, 1890.（在某年某月某日前用on。在某年，某月的前面用in）那位伟大的钢琴家出生在1890年十月十日。Where were you born? 你在哪儿出生的？I was born in Beijing 我出生在北京。be born 后可接时间也可接地点，但接时间时，要根据具体时间而选定不同的介词。I was born in 1991. I was born in March. I was born in March, 1991.I was born on March, 5th. I was born on March. 5th, 1991.2How long did Charles Osborne hiccup?He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months.“How long” 是就一段时间进行提问，因此回答时用for后面加一段持