四级完型词汇辨析董仲蠡原创版.docx

1、四级完型词汇辨析董仲蠡原创版1、excessive： If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable. 超过了需要或合理的范围 .the alleged use of excessive force by police. The government says that local authority spending is excessive.extra

2、： 1 extra You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind. 被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物 Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work. Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods. Theres an ex

3、tra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard. ADJ: ADJ n = additional 2 extra If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something. 加钱 For foreign orders postage is extra. The price of your meal is extra.additional： Additional things a

4、re extra things apart from the ones already present. 现在已有事物的添加物 The US is sending additional troops to the region. The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial.added： You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality. 某件事物有特殊的东西或质量 For added protect

5、ion choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen. 2、private： 1 private Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official organization. 私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的 .a joint venture with private industry. Bupa runs p

6、rivate hospitals in Britain. Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy assets. 2 private Private individuals are acting only for themselves, and are not representing any group, company, or organization. 代表个人的而不是代表其所在集团、公司或机构 .the laws insistence that private citizens are n

7、ot permitted to have weapons. The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of his ancestors. The family tried to bring a private prosecution against him for assault. 3 private Your private things belong only to you, or may only be used by you. 只属于个人或者只能为你个人所用 The landowners hav

8、e had to sell their private aircraft. .They want more State control over private property. There are 76 individually furnished bedrooms, all with private bathrooms. I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left, and only my private secretary knows it. 4 private Private places or gather

9、ings may be attended only by a particular group of people, rather than by the general public. 只能有一些特殊集体的人可以参加而不是大众 673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study. The door is marked Private. Brian Epstein was buried in a private ceremony at Long Lane Cemetery, Liverpool. individual： 1 individual

10、 Individual means relating to one person or thing, rather than to a large group. 与一个人或事物相关而不是大集体 .waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions. Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards democracy. Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes. AD

11、J: ADJ n 2 individual individuals An individual is a person. 一个人 .anonymous individuals who are doing good things within our community. .the rights and responsibilities of the individual. A childs awareness of being an individual grows in stages during the pre-school years. N-COUNT 3 individual If y

12、ou describe someone or something as individual, you mean that you admire them because they are very unusual and do not try to imitate other people or things. 因为东西或者是人不模仿其他而带有欣赏性的形容词 It was really all part of her very individual personality. The language is highly individual. ADJ-GRADED approval pers

13、onal： 1 personal A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people. 个人而非其他人拥有的 He learned this lesson the hard waymfrom his own personal experience. Thats my personal opinion. .books, furniture, and other personal belongings. Refugees also

14、complain that soldiers steal food and personal property from them and demand bribes in exchange for food or shelter. The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard. .an estimated personal fortune of almost seventy million dollars. ADJ: ADJ n 2 personal If you give something your personal

15、care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it. 亲自或个人去做而不是由其他人代劳 .a business that requires a great deal of personal contact. .a personal letter from the Presidents secretary. People do not mind paying a bit extra for the personal touch. ADJ: usu ADJ n 3 pe

16、rsonal Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health. 与个人情感、关系和健康有关 .teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships. You never allow personal problems to affect your performance. We sacrifice our personal lives to our work. Mr Knight said that he had resigned f

17、or personal reasons.3、truth 更强调真理性（比如在自然科学当中的）fact 更强调事实性（比如在历史或现实当中的）4、voice: 1 voice voices When someone speaks or sings, you hear their voice. 嗓音 Miriams voice was strangely calm. The police are here, she said in a low voice. There was a sound of loud voices from the kitchen. I ended up with bron

18、chitis and no voice. N-COUNT: oft poss N, adj N 2 voice voices Someones voice is their opinion on a particular topic and what they say about it. 观点 What does one do when a government simply refuses to listen to the voice of the opposition?. There was no disagreement, there were no dissenting voices.

19、 N-COUNT 3 voice If you have a voice in something, you have the right to express an opinion on it. 表达观点的权力 Egypt is once again accepted as an important voice in Arab politics. But your partners will have no voice in how you operate your company. N-SING: N in n = say 4 voice voices voicing voiced If

20、you voice something such as an opinion or an emotion, you say what you think or feel. 表达感受或想法 Some scientists have voiced concern that the disease could be passed on to humans. The predominant opinion voiced by Detroits Arab population seems to be one of frustration. VB = express sound: 1 sound soun

21、ds A sound is something that you hear. 声音 Peter heard the sound of gunfire. Liza was so frightened she couldnt make a sound. There was a splintering sound as the railing gave way. .the sounds of children playing. N-COUNT 5 sound sounds sounding sounded If something such as a horn or a bell sounds or

22、 if you sound it, it makes a noise. 发音 The buzzer sounded in Daniels office. A young man sounds the bell to start the Sunday service. V-ERG 6 sound sounds sounding sounded If you sound a warning, you publicly give it. If you sound a note of caution or optimism, you say publicly that you are cautious

23、 or optimistic. 传达 The Archbishop of Canterbury has sounded a warning to Europes leaders on third world debt. Others consider the move premature and have sounded a note of caution. Sir Patrick attempted to sound a positive note, describing the meeting as serving a useful purpose. VB 5、A) refuse 拒绝（强

24、调拒绝他人）B) prohibit 禁止（法律或当权者对行为的不允许）C) prevent 阻止（确保某件事不能发生）D) avoid 避免（强调自己避免产生的恶性的效果）例：Professors should _85_ repeating in lectures material that is in the text-book.6、argue 争论（强调不同意）discuss 讨论（并不强调一定同意或不同意）7、exist： 1 exist exists existed If something exists, it is present in the world as a real th

25、ing. 作为真实的东西而存在 He thought that if he couldnt see something, it didnt exist. Research opportunities exist in a wide range of pure and applied areas of entomology. When Alfred Adler first postulated in 1908 that there existed an inborn instinct of aggression Freud argued against it.2 exist exists exi

26、sting existed To exist means to live, especially under difficult conditions or with very little food or money. 生存，尤其是在困难的情况下（没有食物或者没有钱）生存 I exist from one visit to the next. I was barely existing. .the problems of having to exist on unemployment benefit.occur： 1 occur occurs occurring occurred When

27、something occurs, it happens. 发生 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause. The crash occurred when the crew shut down the wrong engine. In March 1770, there occurred what became known as the Boston Massacre. VB = take place 2 occur occurs occurring occurred W

28、hen something occurs in a particular place, it exists or is present there. 存在 The cattle disease occurs more or less anywhere in Africa where the fly occurs. These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands or atolls. VB = exist 3 occur occurs occurred If a thought or idea occurs to you, you sud

29、denly think of it or realize it. 突然想起或突然意识到 It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy. It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth. VB: no passive, no cont survive： 1 survive survives surviving survived If a person or living thing surviv

30、es in a dangerous situation such as an accident or an illness, they do not die. 从危险的情境（疾病或者事故）中幸存 .the sequence of events that left the eight pupils battling to survive in icy seas for over four hours. Those organisms that are that are most suited to the environment will be those that will survive.

31、Drugs that dissolve blood clots can help people survive heart attacks. 2 survive survives surviving survived If you survive in difficult circumstances, you manage to live or continue in spite of them and do not let them affect you very much. 能够在艰难的环境下生存或者没有让艰难的环境影响太多 On my first day here I thought, Ooh, how will I survive? .people who are struggling to survive without jobs. Where once she had been totally self-sufficien