四级完型词汇辨析董仲蠡原创版.docx
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四级完型词汇辨析董仲蠡原创版
1、excessive：
Ifyoudescribetheamountorlevelofsomethingasexcessive,youdisapproveofitbecauseitismoreorhigherthanisnecessaryorreasonable.
超过了需要或合理的范围
...theallegeduseofexcessiveforcebypolice...
Thegovernmentsaysthatlocalauthorityspendingisexcessive.
extra：
1extra
Youuseextratodescribeanamount,person,orthingthatisaddedtoothersofthesamekind,orthatcanbeaddedtoothersofthesamekind.
被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物
Policewarnedmotoriststoallowextratimetogettowork.
Extrastaffhavebeentakenontocoverbusyperiods.
There'sanextrablanketinthebottomdrawerofthecupboard.
ADJ:
ADJn
=additional
2extra
Ifsomethingisextra,youhavetopaymoremoneyforitinadditiontowhatyouarealreadypayingforsomething.
加钱
Forforeignorderspostageisextra.
Thepriceofyourmealisextra.
additional：
Additionalthingsareextrathingsapartfromtheonesalreadypresent.
现在已有事物的添加物
TheUSissendingadditionaltroopstotheregion.
Theinsurerwillalsohavetopaytheadditionalcostsofthetrial.
added：
Youuseaddedtosaythatsomethinghasmoreofaparticularthingorquality.
某件事物有特殊的东西或质量
Foraddedprotectionchoosemoisturisinglipstickswithasunscreen.
2、private：
1private
Privateindustriesandservicesareownedorcontrolledbyanindividualpersonoracommercialcompany,ratherthanbythestateoranofficialorganization.
私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的
...ajointventurewithprivateindustry...
BuparunsprivatehospitalsinBritain.
Brazilsaysitsconstitutionforbidstheprivateownershipofenergyassets.
2private
Privateindividualsareactingonlyforthemselves,andarenotrepresentinganygroup,company,ororganization.
代表个人的而不是代表其所在集团、公司或机构
...thelaw'sinsistencethatprivatecitizensarenotpermittedtohaveweapons...
TheKingwasonaprivatevisittoenablehimtoprayatthetombsofhisancestors.
Thefamilytriedtobringaprivateprosecutionagainsthimforassault.
3private
Yourprivatethingsbelongonlytoyou,ormayonlybeusedbyyou.
只属于个人或者只能为你个人所用
Thelandownershavehadtoselltheirprivateaircraft.
...TheywantmoreStatecontroloverprivateproperty...
Thereare76individuallyfurnishedbedrooms,allwithprivatebathrooms.
ItooktheprecautionofclearingoutmydeskbeforeIleft,andonlymyprivatesecretaryknowsit.
4private
Privateplacesorgatheringsmaybeattendedonlybyaparticulargroupofpeople,ratherthanbythegeneralpublic.
只能有一些特殊集体的人可以参加而不是大众
673privategolfclubstookpartinarecentstudy.
Thedoorismarked`Private'.
BrianEpsteinwasburiedinaprivateceremonyatLongLaneCemetery,Liverpool.
individual：
1individual
Individualmeansrelatingtoonepersonorthing,ratherthantoalargegroup.
与一个人或事物相关而不是大集体
...waitingforthegrouptodecideratherthanmakingindividualdecisions...
Aidtoindividualcountrieswouldbelinkedtoprogresstowardsdemocracy.
Dividethevegetablesamongfourindividualdishes.
ADJ:
ADJn
2individualindividuals
Anindividualisaperson.
一个人
...anonymousindividualswhoaredoinggoodthingswithinourcommunity.
...therightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual...
Achild'sawarenessofbeinganindividualgrowsinstagesduringthepre-schoolyears.
N-COUNT
3individual
Ifyoudescribesomeoneorsomethingasindividual,youmeanthatyouadmirethembecausetheyareveryunusualanddonottrytoimitateotherpeopleorthings.
因为东西或者是人不模仿其他而带有欣赏性的形容词
Itwasreallyallpartofherveryindividualpersonality.
Thelanguageishighlyindividual.
ADJ-GRADEDapproval
personal：
1personal
Apersonalopinion,quality,orthingbelongsorrelatestooneparticularpersonratherthantootherpeople.
个人而非其他人拥有的
Helearnedthislessonthehardwaymfromhisownpersonalexperience.
That'smypersonalopinion.
...books,furniture,andotherpersonalbelongings...
Refugeesalsocomplainthatsoldiersstealfoodandpersonalpropertyfromthemanddemandbribesinexchangeforfoodorshelter.
ThePresidentarrived,followedbyhispersonalbodyguard.
...anestimatedpersonalfortuneofalmostseventymilliondollars.
ADJ:
ADJn
2personal
Ifyougivesomethingyourpersonalcareorattention,youdealwithityourselfratherthanlettingsomeoneelsedealwithit.
亲自或个人去做而不是由其他人代劳
...abusinessthatrequiresagreatdealofpersonalcontact.
...apersonalletterfromthePresident'ssecretary...
Peopledonotmindpayingabitextraforthepersonaltouch.
ADJ:
usuADJn
3personal
Personalmattersrelatetoyourfeelings,relationships,andhealth.
与个人情感、关系和健康有关
...teachingyoungpeopleaboutmarriageandpersonalrelationships...
Youneverallowpersonalproblemstoaffectyourperformance.
Wesacrificeourpersonallivestoourwork.
MrKnightsaidthathehadresignedforpersonalreasons.
3、truth更强调真理性（比如在自然科学当中的）
fact更强调事实性（比如在历史或现实当中的）
4、voice:
1voicevoices
Whensomeonespeaksorsings,youheartheirvoice.
嗓音
Miriam'svoicewasstrangelycalm.
`Thepolicearehere,'shesaidinalowvoice.
Therewasasoundofloudvoicesfromthekitchen.
Iendedupwithbronchitisandnovoice.
N-COUNT:
oftpossN,adjN
2voicevoices
Someone'svoiceistheiropiniononaparticulartopicandwhattheysayaboutit.
观点
Whatdoesonedowhenagovernmentsimplyrefusestolistentothevoiceoftheopposition?
.
Therewasnodisagreement,therewerenodissentingvoices.
N-COUNT
3voice
Ifyouhaveavoiceinsomething,youhavetherighttoexpressanopiniononit.
表达观点的权力
EgyptisonceagainacceptedasanimportantvoiceinArabpolitics.
Butyourpartnerswillhavenovoiceinhowyouoperateyourcompany.
N-SING:
Ninn
=say
4voicevoicesvoicingvoiced
Ifyouvoicesomethingsuchasanopinionoranemotion,yousaywhatyouthinkorfeel.
表达感受或想法
Somescientistshavevoicedconcernthatthediseasecouldbepassedontohumans.
ThepredominantopinionvoicedbyDetroit'sArabpopulationseemstobeoneoffrustration.
VB
=express
sound:
1soundsounds
Asoundissomethingthatyouhear.
声音
Peterheardthesoundofgunfire.
Lizawassofrightenedshecouldn'tmakeasound.
Therewasasplinteringsoundastherailinggaveway.
...thesoundsofchildrenplaying.
N-COUNT
5soundsoundssoundingsounded
Ifsomethingsuchasahornorabellsoundsorifyousoundit,itmakesanoise.
发音
ThebuzzersoundedinDaniel'soffice.
AyoungmansoundsthebelltostarttheSundayservice.
V-ERG
6soundsoundssoundingsounded
Ifyousoundawarning,youpubliclygiveit.Ifyousoundanoteofcautionoroptimism,yousaypubliclythatyouarecautiousoroptimistic.
传达
TheArchbishopofCanterburyhassoundedawarningtoEurope'sleadersonthirdworlddebt.
Othersconsiderthemoveprematureandhavesoundedanoteofcaution.
SirPatrickattemptedtosoundapositivenote,describingthemeetingasservingausefulpurpose.
VB
5、A）refuse拒绝（强调拒绝他人）
B）prohibit禁止（法律或当权者对行为的不允许）
C）prevent阻止（确保某件事不能发生）
D）avoid避免（强调自己避免产生的恶性的效果）
例：
Professorsshould__85__repeatinginlecturesmaterialthatisinthetext-book.
6、argue争论（强调不同意）
discuss讨论（并不强调一定同意或不同意）
7、exist：
1existexistsexisted
Ifsomethingexists,itispresentintheworldasarealthing.
作为真实的东西而存在
Hethoughtthatifhecouldn'tseesomething,itdidn'texist.
Researchopportunitiesexistinawiderangeofpureandappliedareasofentomology.
WhenAlfredAdlerfirstpostulatedin1908thatthereexistedaninborninstinctofaggressionFreudarguedagainstit.
2existexistsexistingexisted
Toexistmeanstolive,especiallyunderdifficultconditionsorwithverylittlefoodormoney.
生存，尤其是在困难的情况下（没有食物或者没有钱）生存
Iexistfromonevisittothenext.
Iwasbarelyexisting.
...theproblemsofhavingtoexistonunemploymentbenefit.
occur：
1occuroccursoccurringoccurred
Whensomethingoccurs,ithappens.
发生
Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnight,lackoffreshairandoxygenisoftenthecause.
Thecrashoccurredwhenthecrewshutdownthewrongengine.
InMarch1770,thereoccurredwhatbecameknownastheBostonMassacre.
VB
=takeplace
2occuroccursoccurringoccurred
Whensomethingoccursinaparticularplace,itexistsorispresentthere.
存在
ThecattlediseaseoccursmoreorlessanywhereinAfricawheretheflyoccurs.
Thesesnailsdonotoccuronlow-lyingcoralislandsoratolls.
VB
=exist
3occuroccursoccurred
Ifathoughtorideaoccurstoyou,yousuddenlythinkofitorrealizeit.
突然想起或突然意识到
Itdidnotoccurtometocheckmyinsurancepolicy.
ItoccurredtomethatIcouldhavethebooksenttome.
ThesameideahadoccurredtoElizabeth.
VB:
nopassive,nocont
survive：
1survivesurvivessurvivingsurvived
Ifapersonorlivingthingsurvivesinadangeroussituationsuchasanaccidentoranillness,theydonotdie.
从危险的情境（疾病或者事故）中幸存
...thesequenceofeventsthatlefttheeightpupilsbattlingtosurviveinicyseasforoverfourhours...
Thoseorganismsthatarethataremostsuitedtotheenvironmentwillbethosethatwillsurvive.
Drugsthatdissolvebloodclotscanhelppeoplesurviveheartattacks.
2survivesurvivessurvivingsurvived
Ifyousurviveindifficultcircumstances,youmanagetoliveorcontinueinspiteofthemanddonotletthemaffectyouverymuch.
能够在艰难的环境下生存或者没有让艰难的环境影响太多
OnmyfirstdayhereIthought,`Ooh,howwillIsurvive?
'
...peoplewhoarestrugglingtosurvivewithoutjobs...
Whereonceshehadbeentotallyself-sufficien
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