中英对照版美国吹哨人法案Whistleblower Protection Act.docx

1、中英对照版美国吹哨人法案Whistleblower Protection Act2302. Prohibited personnel practices禁止的人事行为(a)(1) For the purpose of this title, prohibited personnel practice means any action described in subsection (b).本卷所称“禁止的人事行为”是指(b)条规定之行为。(2) For the purpose of this section-本节所称(A) personnel action means-人事行为是指(i) an

2、 appointment; 任命； (ii) a promotion; 升职；(iii) an action underchapter 75of this title or other disciplinary or corrective action; 本卷第75章规定之行为或其它纪律处分或矫正行为；(iv) a detail, transfer, or reassignment; 任命，调离或重新任命；(v) a reinstatement; 复任；(vi) a restoration; 复职；(vii) a reemployment; 重新被雇佣；(viii) a performance

3、 evaluation underchapter 43of this title or under title 38; 本卷43章或38卷所规定的履职评估；(ix) a decision concerning pay, benefits, or awards, or concerning education or training if the education or training may reasonably be expected to lead to an appointment, promotion, performance evaluation, or other action

4、 described in this subparagraph;关于工资，福利，奖励的决定，或关于教育、培训的决定，该教育、培训可合理的预期会导致任命、升职、履职评估或本项规定的其它人事行为；(x) a decision to order psychiatric testing or examination; 关于强令精神状况测试或考试的决定(xi) the implementation or enforcement of any nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement; and就任何未批露的政策，表格或协议的贯彻或强制执行；及(xii) any ot

5、her significant change in duties, responsibilities, or working conditions; 其它就职务，职责或工作条件的重大变更；with respect to an employee in, or applicant for, a covered position in an agency, and in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described in subsection (b)(8), an employee or applicant for em

6、ployment in a Government corporation as defined insection 9101 of title 31;机关中“涵盖岗位”雇员或职位申请人发生本节(b)条(8)款所规定的范围内之禁止的人事行为情形，当该等雇员及公众职位申请人为政府公司所雇时，公司的范围依31卷9101节之规定确定；(B) covered position means, with respect to any personnel action, any position in the competitive service, a career appointee position i

7、n the Senior Executive Service, or a position in the excepted service, but does not include any position which is, prior to the personnel action-涵盖岗位，就任何人事行为而言，是指需竞争上岗的岗位，高级行政长官处（SES）的人事任命岗位或特设服务机构的岗位，但不包括在职务行做出之前的下列任何岗位：(i) excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-d

8、etermining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; or因保密，政策决定，政策制定，政策维护特征而不包括在竞争上岗岗位之列；或(ii) excluded from the coverage of this section by the President based on a determination by the President that it is necessary and warranted by conditions of good administration;总统基于必要性及妥善行政之考量命令将其排除于本节规

9、定之外的岗位；(C) agency means an Executive agency and the Government Publishing Office, but does not include-机关指行政机关及政府出版办公室，但不包括以下机构(i) a Government corporation, except in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described under subsection (b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D);

10、政府公司，但当发生本节(b)(8)及第2302章(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), 或(D)所规定之情形时除外(ii)(I) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence,

11、and the National Reconnaissance Office; and联邦调查局，中央情报局，国防情报局，国家地理空间情报局，国家安全委员会，国家情报指导委员会，及国家侦察局(II) as determined by the President, any executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities, provided that the determi

12、nation be made prior to a personnel action; or在所涉人事行为做出之前，由总统决定之任何行政机构或其组成部分其主要职能是间谍或反间谍行动的单位的；或(iii) the Government Accountability Office; and政府问责办公室；及(D) disclosure means a formal or informal communication or transmission, but does not include a communication concerning policy decisions that lawfu

13、lly exercise discretionary authority unless the employee or applicant providing the disclosure reasonably believes that the disclosure evidences-批露是指正式或非正式交流或发送，但不包括就政策决策依法使行自主裁量权力而进行的交流，除非进行此批露的雇员或申请者合理的相信该批露证明以下事实(i) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or任何违反法律、规定或规章的事实；或(ii) gross mism

14、anagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.重大错误处置，重大资金浪费，重大权力滥用，或就公众健康或安全的重大且现实的危险。(b) Any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action, shall not, with respect to

15、such authority-具有采取、指挥他人采取，推荐或批准人事行为权力的雇员不应依其前述权力为以下行为：(1) discriminate for or against any employee or applicant for employment-就雇员或公务职位申请者有下列歧视行为：(A) on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, as prohibited under section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e16);1

16、964年民权法717节所禁止的，基于种族，肤色，宗教或来源国的歧视(B) on the basis of age, as prohibited under sections 12 and 15 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 631, 633a);1967年雇佣法第12及15节所规定的基于年龄歧视(C) on the basis of sex, as prohibited under section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.

17、S.C. 206(d);1938年平等就业条件法所规定的基于性别的歧视(D) on the basis of handicapping condition, as prohibited under section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791); or1973年康复法第501节所规定的基于残疾的歧视；(E) on the basis of marital status or political affiliation, as prohibited under any law, rule, or regulation;依

18、法所禁止的基于婚姻状况，政治立场的歧视(2) solicit or consider any recommendation or statement, oral or written, with respect to any individual who requests or is under consideration for any personnel action unless such recommendation or statement is based on the personal knowledge or records of the person furnishing i

19、t and consists of-就任何申请或正处于人事行为考量下的个人，请求或考虑任何以口头或书面形式就该人进行的评价或介绍。除非该评价或介绍是基于提供方的个人认知或记录且包括以下内容：(A) an evaluation of the work performance, ability, aptitude, or general qualifications of such individual; or就工作表现，能力，态度或总体素质所进行的评估；或(B) an evaluation of the character, loyalty, or suitability of such ind

20、ividual;就个性，忠诚度或工作适应度所进行的评估；(3) coerce the political activity of any person (including the providing of any political contribution or service), or take any action against any employee or applicant for employment as a reprisal for the refusal of any person to engage in such political activity;胁迫任何人进行

21、政治行为（该政治行为包括提供政治献金或服务），或就政府雇员，或公务职位申请人因其拒绝采取政治行为而进行报复；(4) deceive or willfully obstruct any person with respect to such persons right to compete for employment;就他人之竞争上岗的权利进行误导或蓄意阻挠；(5) influence any person to withdraw from competition for any position for the purpose of improving or injuring the pro

22、spects of any other person for employment;以提高或损害他人受雇的机率为目的而影响任何人退出岗位竞争；(6) grant any preference or advantage not authorized by law, rule, or regulation to any employee or applicant for employment (including defining the scope or manner of competition or the requirements for any position) for the pur

23、pose of improving or injuring the prospects of any particular person for employment;以提高或损害任何特定人受雇机率为目的，授予雇员或公务岗位申请人任何未由法律、法规、规章授予的特权或优先权（包括限制竞争范围或竞争方式或限制对岗位的要求）；(7) appoint, employ, promote, advance, or advocate for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement, in or to a civilian position any

24、 individual who is a relative (as defined insection 3110(a)(3) of this title) of such employee if such position is in the agency in which such employee is serving as a public official (as defined insection 3110(a)(2) of this title) or over which such employee exercises jurisdiction or control as suc

25、h an official;就一个公务岗位的任命，雇用，升职，提级或拟任命，雇用，提升，提级，该对象为雇员之亲戚（亲戚范围依本卷第3110节(a)(3)界定），而该岗位属于该雇员任领导职位或行使管辖权的机构（领导职务的范围由本卷第3110节(a)(2)所界定）。 (8) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel action with respect to any employee or applicant for employment because of-因以下原因，就雇员或公务职位申请人采

26、取或不采取，威胁采取或威胁不采取人事行为：(A) any disclosure of information by an employee or applicant which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences-雇员或申请者可以合理地相信任何由其所进行的信息批露可以证明以下事项:(i) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or违反法律，法规，规章，或(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abu

27、se of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety,重大错误处置，重大的资金浪费，滥用权力，或严重且现实的对公众健康及安全的威胁if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law and if such information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defens

28、e or the conduct of foreign affairs; or出于国家国防或外交利益考量，如果该批露未被法律特别予以禁止且该信息未由行政命令所特别要求保密；或者(B) any disclosure to the Special Counsel, or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures, of information which the employee or appli

29、cant reasonably believes evidences-任何向特别检察官或机关监察长或由机关首长所任命的接受批露的另一雇员所进行的批露，就批露的内容该雇员或申请人有理由相信可以证明以下事项：(i) any violation (other than a violation of this section) of any law, rule, or regulation, or任何对法律，法规，规章的违反（不包括对本章规定的违反）(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a

30、 substantial and specific danger to public health or safety;重大错误处置，重大资金浪费，滥用权力，或重大且实际的对于公众健康及安全的威胁(9) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, any personnel action against any employee or applicant for employment because of-因下列原因就雇员或公务职位申请人采取或不采取，威胁采取或因威胁不采取人事行为：(A) the exercise of

31、 any appeal, complaint, or grievance right granted by any law, rule, or regulation-行使由法律、法规或规章所赋予的下列上诉、起诉或申诉权的权利：(i) with regard to remedying a violation of paragraph (8); or就第(8)款所规定的违法行为进行救济；或(ii) other than with regard to remedying a violation of paragraph (8); 就第八款所规定的违法行为之外的违法行为进行救济；(B) testify

32、ing for or otherwise lawfully assisting any individual in the exercise of any right referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii);就(A)(i) or (ii)所规定的权力的行使进行证明或以其它形式合法地协助(C) cooperating with or disclosing information to the Inspector General (or any other component responsible for internal investigation or review) of an agency, or the Special Counsel, in accordance with applicable provisions of law; or依相关法律条款之规定与监察长（或任何其它负责内部调查或复议人员）进行合作或向其批露信息；或(D) refusing to obey an order that would require the individual to violate a law