交际教学法及其在初中英语听说教学中的运用.docx

1、交际教学法及其在初中英语听说教学中的运用1. IntroductionCommunicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been introduced into China for middle school English teaching for nearly the decade. But the effect is not so satisfactory as it had been expected. Today English is taught in so many places for so many different purposes. T

2、he number of people who are learning English in China also has been increasing quickly.Traditionally, English teaching in middle schools in China has been dominated by teacher-centered mode. The teacher seldom asks students any questions or makes any communication with them. As a result, it brings t

3、he students poor abilities and skills of listening and speaking. After studying English for several years, students remain at a loss when they have to express themselves in English. Even for the English major students, listening comprehension is really a weakness in the professional examination, let

4、 alone the English speaking.In order to change this situation, since early 80s of last century, English teachers in China have been trying to improve teaching method. Unfortunately, some phenomena indicate that the effect of CLT is not as satisfactory as people expected. There are some difficulties

5、in applying CLT in middle school in China. This paper attempts to clarify certain issues from the perspective of applying the communicative approach and its implementation in teaching listening and speaking for middle school students, analyze the factors which impede the effects. And the relevant in

6、formation and data are all from the personal educational practice and really get in touch with the junior middle school students. Then according to some basic theories of CLT which are clarified in the paper, the writer puts forward some suggestions for CLTs application in middle school, such as mul

7、tiple roles of a teacher, interaction between teachers and students, stimulating students communicative motivations, advantages of communicating for listening and speaking.1.1 The Definition of the Communicative ApproachCommunicative approach is also be named as Functional approach or Notional appro

8、ach. It is formed by the theory of the linguistics Hymes and Halliday during the year of 1960s. It is one of the influential foreign language teaching school from all around the world. According to their theory: the goal of language teaching is to train the ability of the student to communicate in t

9、he target language. It is not only including the structure of the language, but also the common sentences which is used to express varieties kinds of conception and function. The Communicative approach focus on training the language abilities of the students, teaching them to use the truly and authe

10、ntic language materials, combining the sentences patterns with the situations in learning the language and encouraging the students to contact and use the foreign languages.Communicative approach is not a single and settled teaching method. The core content of it is using language to learn and learn

11、ing to use language. Neither the simple learning language nor the learning about language is the essence of the approach. The final purpose of teaching is to make the students to obtain adequate communication skills. So that, most of the students could communicate with each other optionally and flue

12、ntly under the classroom condition. It is a practical way to grasp the foreign language knowledge and the communication ability by listening, speaking, reading and writing.1.2 Nine Features of the Communicative ApproachAccording to the experts, the theoretical framework for communicative competence

13、basically includes four areas of knowledge and skills: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence and strategic competence. However, in process of the language teaching, there are nine features express the detail and the essences of the Communicative approach:1) Focusin

14、g on the aim of training the function of communication. Declaring the teaching objectives of the second language teaching is to train the communicative ability by using the language creatively. It is not only emphasize the accuracy, but also the appropriateness of using language.2) Insist on the fea

15、ture ideas. According to the actual demands and choosing the natural language materials, without using the treated “textbook language”.3) To make the communicative teaching approach. Communication is both the purpose and the measures of the study. Creating the nearly authentic communicative conditio

16、ns and combining the group activities in teaching process. Training the ability of using language by doing language communicative activities, which should include the class activities and the extracurricular activities.4) To make the utterance as the basic unit. Just as most of the linguistics menti

17、oned, language is not exist in isolated phrases or sentences. However, language usually appears in the coherent utterances.5) To make the students in the circumstances and feel the language situation.6) Combining the individual skills training with the comprehensive skills training, in order to reac

18、h the goal of using language flexibly in communication.1.3 Two Principles of the Communicative ApproachThe goal of the Communicative Approach is to help students to become communicatively competent. Communicative competent involves being able to communicate appropriately in different contexts. Howev

19、er, this kind of can only be grasped gradually in the authentic communicative activities. As far as all the students know, the authentic communicative conditions could promote the speed of language learning and the sensation to the foreign language. So the basic requirements to the English teaching

20、class is trying to be more authentic. It is better for the teachers to change their roles in the class, to be a participator rather than the leader. And the basic two principles as follows:1) Communication principles - the actual communication situation could enhance the effect of learning2) Task pr

21、inciples - to finish learning language by language communication2. The advantages of communicative approach in teaching listening and speakingWith the rapid development of the social and economic life, as a result of globalization of information technology, Chinas reform and opening-up policy proces

22、s is accelerating. Language is a means of communication. Although it is not the only form of communication among human beings, it is certainly the most important. English teaching is to teach the students how to communicate with each other, to train the students good and complete language ability -

23、to express their ideas correctly and to easily adjust themselves to every kind of social situation. English teaching is a case in point. This paper is to discuss some problems of present English teaching approach, to state the principles and advantages of communicative approach, and to give some adv

24、ice on how to make the English class more communicative and improve the students ability of listening and speaking. 2.1 To create new circumstances and develop active atmosphereHow to use a foreign language to communicate becomes a basic requirement for quality of the students in the 21st century. S

25、o that it is quite important that a good language learning environment for students to learn English, which because the ultimate goal of teaching English is not to inform our students about the language but to develop their abilities to use the language for various communicative purposes in various

26、situations. How to create a new circumstance? Generally speaking, the new circumstance is seemed as a class which has communicative activity that both teachers and learners should take part in. Students are born to be interested in playing games naturally (M. Buckby, 1979, P.132). Games are fun and

27、colorful enough to make classes interesting. Those characteristics provide an enjoyable and relating games are essential to successful learning, games should be enjoyable in which students learn quicker with the help of various games, surely they will learn a lot while playing with their fellows. Th

28、e learners do not feel any pressure of learning in a relaxing atmosphere. And all of them are willing to participate in. Especially in middle school oral English teaching, games can play a very important role. Game is the most effective means to enliven the classroom atmosphere, and arouse the stude

29、nts interest of learning; in addition, game can make them all concentrated on what they are learning carefully. Then, students will get deeper impression of what they have learned and get longer memory of the knowledge.2.2 To stimulate students interests and increase students thirst for knowledge.As

30、 far as I of this thesis is concerned, there are three main theoretical foundations that are relevant to the research on application of communicative approach in English teaching, such as the situational teaching method, the conversational teaching method as well as the task-based language teaching

31、method.Situational Teaching Method. In the teaching process, teachers purposefully introduce or create certain specific scenes with emotional colors and vivid images so as to arouse students attitude experience and help students to understand the teaching materials. By taking this teaching method, t

32、he psychological functions of students can be developed easily.Conversational Teaching Method. In the implementing process, teachers should make full preparations to set the proper dialogue and conversation topic as well as establish a harmonious discussion situation for students. Besides, if we wan

33、t to enhance the quality of the communication, various forms of dialogue should be carried out, and the constructive evaluation system should be taken. Only when the cooperative consciousness being formed will students get to know how to learn effectively. Task-based Language Teaching Method. In the process of fulfilling the