中考英语阅读理解分类解读.docx

1、中考英语阅读理解分类解读中考英语阅读理解分类解读清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语阅读理解分类解读 兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题山东 张贵福 文章来源：2008年下半年度试题与研究一、人物故事类 【命题趋势】 人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。 【应试对策】 人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时

2、很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。 【典型考题】 (1)When we asked students what they want to be, they often talk about unusual jobs, things like teachers and doctors. But if you think

3、about it, many people dont plan to do their jobs. They just start doing them by accident. We have talked to two people with unusual jobs.Emily is a dentist but she doesnt work with people. She works with horses. After university she took care of animals health for several years, but she notices that

4、 there were few people who could help horses teeth. She deicide to go to college and study again. Then she had to buy special tools, but she is never out of work. Shed always very busy taking care of horses teeth. “I couldnt be a dentist for people now,” Emily said, “because I really enjoy working w

5、ith horses.”As soon as David could read, he read books about robots, but the robots he build today dont look like the strange robot people in his books. He build robots for industry. Early one he made up his mind to study math, science and computers so that he could break into the world of robot eng

6、ineering. “Some of the math is very difficult.” say David, “but you must study math to be an engineer.” Fortunately he got top marks in all his math exams.1. Emily doesnt want to be a dentist because _. A. the pay is low B. she has to buy special tools C. she will be out of work D. she likes working

7、 with horses2. To become a robot engineer, David _. A. need to worry B. bought a lot of robots C. had to study hard D. didnt have to go to college3. David got top marks in all his math exams, although _. A. math was not easy to study B. he has to study math to be an engineer C. he could break into t

8、he world of robot engineering D. he made up his mind to study math, science and computers（2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷） （2）One day when Jack was walking in the park, he saw a woman, who lived a few miles away, sitting on a bench with a dog beside her. The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the

9、 woman and said, Hello, Sue, how are you? May I sit and talk with you for a while? Of course, please sit down, Sue said. Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench, and they talked quietly together. The dog continued to look up at Sue, as if waiting to be fed.Thats a nice dog, isnt he? Jack said, pointi

10、ng at the animal.Yes, he is. Hes handsome. Hes a bit of a mixture, but thats not a bad thing. Hes strong and healthy.And hungry, Jack said. He hasnt taken his eyes off you. He thinks youve got some food for him.Thats true, Sue said. But I havent.They both laughed and then Jack said, Does your dog bi

11、te?No, Sue said, Hes never bitten anyone. Hes always gentle and friendly.Hearing this, Jack decided to hold out his hand and touched the animals head. Suddenly it jumped up and bit him.Hey! Jack shouted. You said your dog didnt bite.Sue replied in surprise, Yeah, I did. But this is not my dog. My do

12、gs at home. 4.The dog looked at the woman because _.A. the woman wanted to feed him B. the woman was friendlyC. he was strong and healthy D. he was hungry5.Jack and Sue were _.A. friends B. next-door neighborsC. strangers D. in the same family6. Jack touched the dog because he believed _.A. the dog

13、was handsome B. Sues dog was unfriendlyC. the dog belonged to SueD. Sues dog was at home7.We can infer form the passage that _.A. Sue gave a wrong answerB. Jack made a mistakeC. the dog wasnt dangerousD. both Jack and Sue liked the dog8. Which of the Following can be the best title of the passage?A.

14、 A Wrong Question B. Sues DogC. A pleasant Meeting D. Sues Friend（2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）参考答案：15 DCA DA 68 CBA二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势： 1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。 2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议

15、论文、记叙文居多。 3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。 【应试对策】 对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意： 1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。 在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备20003500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。 2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。 从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过

16、阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。 同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。 3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。【典型考题】 （1）第一节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera. It came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes(戏班) came to Beijing. Its music and singing(唱腔) come from X

17、ipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. Its costumes are all fascinating and artistic. It is the highest expression of the Chinese culture. Its full of famous stories, beautiful facial paintings, and wonderful gestures and fighting. This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people. There are four

18、main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng is the leading male(男性) actor. For example, a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter. A Xiaosheng is a young man. A Laosheng is an old man. Dan is the female(女性) role. Jing, mostly male, is the face-painted role and Chou is the comedy actor or c

19、lown. Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting. Some of them are from the history book, but most of them are from the literature, especially famous novels. The people in the story usually have some disagreements. They become angry and unhappy. They are sad and lonely. Sometimes they are nervous

20、 and worried. Then they find a way to make peace. The stories usually end with happiness and laughter and people are all happy in the end.( )56. Beijing Operas singing is from _.A. Anhui and Hubei B. Beijing and AnhuiC. the history book D. the literature and novels( )57. The second paragraph(段落) of

21、the reading is about the _ of Beijing Opera. A. stories B. roles C. gestures D. paintings( )58. From the reading, we know the role Chou most probably has a (n) _ feature.A. honest B. funny C. dull D. serious( ) 59. Which of the following is the role Sheng?A. B. C. D. ( ) 60. Which of the following s

22、tatements is TRUE?A. Peking Opera is full of different gestures. B. There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.C. Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.D. The people in the story usually are in agreement.第二节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）October16 is World Food Day. This day is also the anni

23、versary(纪念日) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)(联合国粮农组织).More than100 countries are holding special events. All of these aim to celebrate the establishment of the FAO in 1945. The theme chosen for this years World Food Day is “Water: Source(资源) of Food Security”.A UN repor

24、t says that over 6 million people have died from hunger and related diseases so far this year alone. More than 850 million people, or about one in seven, around the world do not get enough food, and the need for food will increase as the worlds population grows. The UN also reports that by year 2030

25、, the world may need 60% more food. Most of that increase will have to come from agriculture supported by water irrigation(灌溉). However, fresh water is already in short supply in many countries. Jacques Diouf, the director of the FAO, says that there are 20 countries that do not have enough water to

26、 produce enough food for their populations. Ten nations use more than 40% of their total fresh water for agriculture. He fears that the problem will only become worse as the need for water by people and by industry grows. So water is one of the most important things in the world today.( ) 61. The un

27、derlined(画线的) word “establishment” has the same meaning as _.A. picking up B. making up C. cutting up D. setting up( ) 62. In the world, more than _ people have died because of hunger this year.A. 6 million B. 2 million C. 850 million D. 100 million( ) 63. What Mr. Diouf says shows that he most worr

28、ies about_.A. the future of the FAO B. the short of water C. the overgrowth of population D. the development of the environment( ) 64. The reading above implies(暗示) that _.A. fresh water for us is quite enough B. the worlds population is getting smaller C. we will need more water to irrigate D. indu

29、stry is the most important thing today( ) 65. The passage is mainly about _.A. how to celebrate World Food Day B. the increase of food in many countriesC. the importance of water for food D. the UN Food and Agriculture Organization（湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试） （2）Bargaining is the rule here in Beijing. At

30、least, it is so in most markets and back-street clothes shops. Bargaining is an art and if you are unfamiliar(不熟悉) with it, wed like to offer you some advice. The tips(窍门) here are often used in Beijing but may help you at any place in the world where bargaining is practiced.DO NOT say how much you

31、want to pay for an item(物品) unless its near the end of the bargaining. Always try and drop the sellers offering price as much as possible before opening your mouth with a price.DO throw out really low prices like 10 RMB with a big smile.DO keep smiling from the beginning to the end. The seller usually continues bargaining with a happy smiling face. Getting angry hardly gets you the