中考英语阅读理解分类解读.docx

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中考英语阅读理解分类解读

中考英语阅读理解分类解读

★清华大学★英语系测试:

为中小学生英语量身定做.

官方网站:

清华大学英语教授研究组提供

中考英语阅读理解分类解读

——兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题

山东张贵福

文章来源:

2008年下半年度《试题与研究》

一、人物故事类

  【命题趋势】

  人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。

体裁一般是记叙文,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。

写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。

命题以细节为主,推理为辅。

近年来,人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。

  【应试对策】

  人物故事类文章多为记叙文,为了支撑所要描述的人物,短语往往会出现大量细节,这些细节有时很直接,理解字面意思即可,有时则很间接,需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。

准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。

那么,怎样准确理解细节呢?

首先,从问题中找到关键词;然后以此为线索,运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节;找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读,认真比较选项和文中细节的区别;最后,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。

【典型考题】

(1)

Whenweaskedstudentswhattheywanttobe,theyoftentalkaboutunusualjobs,thingsliketeachersanddoctors.Butifyouthinkaboutit,manypeopledon’tplantodotheirjobs.Theyjuststartdoingthembyaccident.Wehavetalkedtotwopeoplewithunusualjobs.

Emilyisadentistbutshedoesn’tworkwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses.Afteruniversityshetookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyears,butshenoticesthattherewerefewpeoplewhocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicidetogotocollegeandstudyagain.Thenshehadtobuyspecialtools,butsheisneveroutofwork.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“Icouldn’tbeadentistforpeoplenow,”Emilysaid,“becauseIreallyenjoyworkingwithhorses.”

AssoonasDavidcouldread,hereadbooksaboutrobots,buttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlooklikethestrangerobotpeopleinhisbooks.Hebuildrobotsforindustry.Earlyonehemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid,“butyoumuststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhegottopmarksinallhismathexams.

1.Emilydoesn’twanttobeadentistbecause_________.

A.thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtools

C.shewillbeoutofworkD.shelikesworkingwithhorses

2.Tobecomearobotengineer,David_________.

A.needtoworryB.boughtalotofrobots

C.hadtostudyhardD.didn’thavetogotocollege

3.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexams,although_________.

A.mathwasnoteasytostudy

B.hehastostudymathtobeanengineer

C.hecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering

D.hemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputers

(2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷)

  

(2)

OnedaywhenJackwaswalkinginthepark,hesawawoman,wholivedafewmilesaway,sittingonabenchwithadogbesideher.Thedogwaslookingupatthewoman.

  Jackwalkeduptothewomanandsaid,"Hello,Sue,howareyou?

MayIsitandtalkwithyouforawhile?

""Ofcourse,pleasesitdown,"Suesaid.JacksatdownnexttoSueonthebench,andtheytalkedquietlytogether.ThedogcontinuedtolookupatSue,asifwaitingtobefed.

  "That'sanicedog,isn'the?

"Jacksaid,pointingattheanimal.

  "Yes,heis.He'shandsome.He'sabitofamixture,butthat'snotabadthing.He'sstrongandhealthy."

  "Andhungry,"Jacksaid."Hehasn'ttakenhiseyesoffyou.Hethinksyou'vegotsomefoodforhim."

  "That'strue,"Suesaid."ButIhaven't."

  TheybothlaughedandthenJacksaid,"Doesyourdogbite?

"

  "No,"Suesaid,"He'sneverbittenanyone.He'salwaysgentleandfriendly."

  Hearingthis,Jackdecidedtoholdouthishandandtouchedtheanimal'shead.Suddenlyitjumpedupandbithim.

  "Hey!

"Jackshouted."Yousaidyourdogdidn'tbite."

  Suerepliedinsurprise,"Yeah,Idid.Butthisisnotmydog.Mydog'sathome."

 4.Thedoglookedatthewomanbecause_________.

  A.thewomanwantedtofeedhim

  B.thewomanwasfriendly

  C.hewasstrongandhealthy

  D.hewashungry

  5.JackandSuewere_________.

  A.friendsB.next-doorneighbors

  C.strangersD.inthesamefamily

  6.Jacktouchedthedogbecausehebelieved_________.

  A.thedogwashandsome

  B.Sue'sdogwasunfriendly

  C.thedogbelongedtoSue

  D.Sue'sdogwasathome

  7.Wecaninferformthepassagethat_________.

  A.Suegaveawronganswer

  B.Jackmadeamistake

  C.thedogwasn'tdangerous

  D.bothJackandSuelikedthedog

  8.WhichoftheFollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

  A.AWrongQuestionB.Sue'sDog

C.ApleasantMeetingD.Sue'sFriend

(2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试)

参考答案:

1~5DCADA6~8CBA

二、社会文化类

  【命题趋势】

  语言是社会文化的重要载体。

学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力,增强对外国文化,特别是英语国家文化的了解”。

因此,社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。

社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势:

  1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。

如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。

题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。

  2.一般一篇文章一个主题。

以议论文、记叙文居多。

  3.命题方面,既重主旨把握,又重特定细节,时有推断。

  【应试对策】

对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程,在复习时要注意:

  1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。

  在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。

对于普通中学毕业生来说,应具备2000-3500的词汇量,并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。

掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。

熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。

  2.扩展文化背景知识,认真研读历届高考题。

  从近五年的高考题看,阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强,更重视语言和文化的关系,阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。

因此,要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识,要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。

  同时,要认真研读近五年的高考篇目,增加语言经验,适应选材特点,熟悉题材和体裁。

了解设问形式,感悟设问特点。

3.广泛涉猎,丰富消遣阅读。

【典型考题】

(1)

第一节:

阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。

(10分)

BeijingOperaisalsocalledPekingOpera.Itcameintobeingafter1790whenthefamousfourAnhuioperatroupes(戏班)cametoBeijing.Itsmusicandsinging(唱腔)comefromXipiandErhuanginAnhuiandHubei.Itscostumesareallfascinatingandartistic.ItisthehighestexpressionoftheChineseculture.It’sfulloffamousstories,beautifulfacialpaintings,andwonderfulgesturesandfighting.ThiskindofoperaisverypopularwithChinesepeople.

TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:

Sheng,Dan,JingandChou.Shengistheleadingmale(男性)actor.Forexample,aWushengisasoldierorfighter.AXiaoshengisayoungman.ALaoshengisanoldman.Danisthefemale(女性)role.Jing,mostlymale,istheface-paintedroleandChouisthecomedyactororclown.

StoriesinBeijingOperaareveryinteresting.Someofthemarefromthehistorybook,butmostofthemarefromtheliterature,especiallyfamousnovels.Thepeopleinthestoryusuallyhavesomedisagreements.Theybecomeangryandunhappy.Theyaresadandlonely.Sometimestheyarenervousandworried.Thentheyfindawaytomakepeace.Thestoriesusuallyendwithhappinessandlaughterandpeopleareallhappyintheend.

()56.BeijingOpera’ssingingisfrom_________.

A.AnhuiandHubeiB.BeijingandAnhui

C.thehistorybookD.theliteratureandnovels

()57.Thesecondparagraph(段落)ofthereadingisaboutthe_________ofBeijingOpera.

A.storiesB.rolesC.gesturesD.paintings

()58.Fromthereading,weknowtheroleChoumostprobablyhasa(n)_________feature.

A.honestB.funnyC.dullD.serious

()59.WhichofthefollowingistheroleSheng?

A.B.C.D.

()60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.PekingOperaisfullofdifferentgestures.

B.ThereareonlyfourrolesinBeijingOpera.

C.BeijingOperaisthemostpopularintheworld.

D.Thepeopleinthestoryusuallyareinagreement.

第二节:

阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。

(10分)

October 16isWorldFoodDay.Thisdayisalsotheanniversary(纪念日)oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)(联合国粮农组织).Morethan 100countriesareholdingspecialevents.AlloftheseaimtocelebratetheestablishmentoftheFAOin1945.Thethemechosenforthisyear’sWorldFoodDayis“Water:

Source(资源)ofFoodSecurity”.

AUNreportsaysthatover6millionpeoplehavediedfromhungerandrelateddiseasessofarthisyearalone.Morethan850millionpeople,oraboutoneinseven,aroundtheworlddonotgetenoughfood,andtheneedforfoodwillincreaseastheworld’spopulationgrows.TheUNalsoreportsthatbyyear2030,theworldmayneed60%morefood.Mostofthatincreasewillhavetocomefromagriculturesupportedbywaterirrigation(灌溉).However,freshwaterisalreadyinshortsupplyinmanycountries.

JacquesDiouf,thedirectoroftheFAO,saysthatthereare20countriesthatdonothaveenoughwatertoproduceenoughfoodfortheirpopulations.Tennationsusemorethan40%oftheirtotalfreshwaterforagriculture.Hefearsthattheproblemwillonlybecomeworseastheneedforwaterbypeopleandbyindustrygrows.Sowaterisoneofthemostimportantthingsintheworldtoday.

()61.Theunderlined(画线的)word“establishment”hasthesamemeaningas_________.

A.pickingupB.makingupC.cuttingupD.settingup

()62.Intheworld,morethan_________peoplehavediedbecauseofhungerthisyear.

A.6millionB.2millionC.850millionD.100million

()63.WhatMr.Dioufsaysshowsthathemostworriesabout_________.

A.thefutureoftheFAOB.theshortofwater

C.theovergrowthofpopulationD.thedevelopmentoftheenvironment

()64.Thereadingaboveimplies(暗示)that_________.

A.freshwaterforusisquiteenoughB.theworld’spopulationisgettingsmaller

C.wewillneedmorewatertoirrigateD.industryisthemostimportantthingtoday

()65.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.

A.howtocelebrateWorldFoodDayB.theincreaseoffoodinmanycountries

C.theimportanceofwaterforfoodD.theUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization

(湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试)

(2)

BargainingistherulehereinBeijing.Atleast,itissoinmostmarketsandback-streetclothesshops.Bargainingisanartandifyouareunfamiliar(不熟悉)withit,we'dliketoofferyousomeadvice.Thetips(窍门)hereareoftenusedinBeijingbutmayhelpyouatanyplaceintheworldwherebargainingispracticed.

DONOTsayhowmuchyouwanttopayforanitem(物品)unlessit’sneartheendofthebargaining.Alwaystryanddroptheseller'sofferingpriceasmuchaspossiblebeforeopeningyourmouthwithaprice.

DOthrowoutreallylowpriceslike10RMBwithabigsmile.

DOkeepsmilingfromthebeginningtotheend.Thesellerusuallycontinuesbargainingwithahappysmilingface.Gettingangryhardlygetsyouthe

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