B3U4课文翻译及课后练习答案.docx

1、B3U4课文翻译及课后练习答案Unit 4 Career Planning课内阅读参考译文择业规划1 进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤。我们每个人对不同的因素有不同侧重，也许在不同的时候会考虑择业规划的不同方面。进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后做出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。2 许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实：1）大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄；2）多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业，而实际上只有15%至18%的从业人员在做专业性的工作；3）男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然，尽

2、管这些领域会提供许多就业机会；4）多达三分之一的学生说不出选择什么职业好。3 欧文贾尼斯和利昂曼在他们的决策一书中指出，许多人的决策方式存在严重缺陷，而这些问题似乎与人们处理问题的模式有关。第一个缺陷是自满。有些人对于要费心思考虑的择业信息置之不理，这就是自满的表现。有些人采取“这不会影响我”或“这永远也不会发生”的态度，这就是以自满作为支配地位的行为模式。当然，对于那些不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但在做职业方面的决策时，来不得自满。4 人们在决策方式上存在的第二个缺陷是消极回避。每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。有些学生没有考虑到职

3、业抉择会产生的影响，往往采取文过饰非（对自己的行为所作的解释虽能自我满足但却是错误的，以此来欺骗自己）或者拖延（推迟或耽搁）的态度。面对现状也许会令人焦急不安，但认真考虑一下各种方案也能给人宽慰。5 第三个缺陷是过份地提心吊胆。当人们面对职业选择而又感到没有足够时间找到解决方法时，会感到惊慌失措。他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会，然后采取匆忙的决定，忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果，也忽视了其他的择业机会。惊慌失措的人往往会思路不清，缺乏逻辑。6 最好的做法就是眼观六路，耳听八方。当人们确信以下三点时，会做出机敏的决策：1）应该做出选择；2）自己能找到解决问题的办法；3）有足够的时间。这样，学生才能够有

4、效地寻求各种可能的职业，仔细地掂量每一种可能性，并且制定出应变计划，以便应付各种风险。7 以下是择业规划的关键步骤：8 1研究自我。这是择业规划的关键所在。了解自己是怎样一个人，看重什么以及想成为什么样的人 ，这些是整个择业规划的依据。在研究自我的过程中，你审视自己的长处与弱点，自己的目标以及自身发展的方向。对自己的了解使你能够设想哪些职业最符合你的个性、兴趣、能力和目标。所有的职业抉择都要求我们既要了解自己又要了解有关工作，并把这两方面的情况结合起来(加以考虑)。9 2把自己的事业目标写下来。要把自己事业发展的设想归纳起来。一个切实可行的做法是，把这些设想按照你一生的各个时间段一一写下来。写

5、作过程迫使你理清思路，并认识到那些模糊、不成熟的想法。这会使你对自己的发展前途有新的了解，并有助于你看清新的关系、模式及方向，或者明确你在考虑自己事业发展方面还有哪些不到之处。10 3定期地与他人一起审视你的规划与所取得的进展。不时地估量一下自己的情形，考虑下一步该采取什么步骤。评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤，这有助于你应对要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。与你的大学辅导员、父母与朋友探讨你的计划，这有助于你明确目标，改进择业规划，或使计划得以实施。11 4如果选择的职业不适合你，可以重新开始。如今，越来越多的男男女女在变换职业，或者重新开始一份对他们更有吸引力的职业。其中许多人一旦发现自

6、己所从事的行业不尽人意，就重新参加培训以谋求其它职业。这些新的职业常常是他们年轻时所忽视的，或者是由于当时的经济或别的原因而没有机会从事的。12 社会学家们说改变职业几乎没有“走下坡路”的，大部分都是按传统的关注“往高处走”的。社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看成是一种“不安分”、可耻的事了。13 任何年龄段的人都有可能换工作和改职业。据估计, 20岁到25岁年龄段的男性中多达四分之一的人更换职业。而在25岁到44岁的年龄段，该比例大约是八分之一。14 择业规划并不能保证你将来所面临的所有问题、困难或决策形势都能得到解决或变得容易。没有任何妙方能做到这一点。但是，择业规划能够帮助你面对或更好地处理新

7、的问题，诸如决定是否要接受某方面的教育或培训，是否要更换工作，还能帮助你分析所面临的困境或与某人交往中所存在的困难。15 没有人能预见我们任何一个人的未来。未来的一些社会、情感、道德等方面要考虑的因素是无法预见的。但是这个往往不尽人意的现代世界给予了我们一个最重要的教训，那就是进步来自于规划。对自己职业的无知并不是一种福气，理智比机遇和命运更重要。尽管没有一种万无一失的方法能保证我们的择业规划成功，但是要打造自己未来的事业，有些事是你现在就能做的。课外阅读参考译文暑期打工计划1 假设你知道自己大学毕业后想干什么现今，如果进了大学你还没选中一种职业，也许会被看成目光短浅你早在毕业前就应该考虑找一

8、份工作了。2 哪些公司或机构会有你想要的工作呢? 假定你的专业是英文或历史，你想要写一部了不起的小说，那么你需要一份工作来支付生活和教育费用。你必须从一系列的可能性中进行选择，就像你从个人电脑屏幕的“菜单”中挑一个选项一样。你可能有下列选项： A到一家出版公司工作B. 给一家科技公司当笔杆子 C. 到一家公关公司工作D. 读研究生先不做决定 E其他3 假如你选中A，有一个好主意，就是最好在大学期间就向十几家出版社写信，请求与人事主任面谈。假如你碰巧有个熟人是编辑, 而他愿意见你，那样的话敢情更好。4 要想方设法争取面试机会。在面试前你应该熟悉这家公司，而面试目的是向人事经理表达自己在这家公司工

9、作的兴趣。你可以打听是否能做暑期工(可能的话，要有酬劳)或实习生。在很多情况下实习生有少量薪水，但没有报酬的情况也有。 5 在人生的这一阶段，找一个能促进未来事业的暑期工作很重要。如果在自己的专业领域找不到工作，那么你可以选另一类暑期工作救生员、房屋油漆工、园林工、女招待、或者零售店或超场的工作人员。这些工作通常薪酬优厚，你可以存下足够的钱应付大学里的很多开销；但这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划，你必须在这两个方面权衡一下。任何一个需要你付出艰苦努力以及要求有一定责任心的暑期工作，写在你的简历上都是好的。要是这份工作与将来的事业相关，你的简历看起来自然就更吸引人。 6 有一天，在上下班乘坐的火车

10、上，我坐在两位女中学生的前面。其中一个女孩对另一个说：“我上大学不会花我父亲一分钱。至少我觉得不会。”她解释说，周末、暑假、圣诞节和春假她都在一家餐馆当服务员。她的小费很可观，她已存下了一万美元。她计划上拉特格斯大学, 住在家里走读。如果她在大学期间继续打工，她估计不用借债就能毕业并上研究生院。 7 我在大学期间开始寻找暑期工作的时候，我发现除餐馆外唯一愿意雇我的单位是法林百货公司波士顿的一家大百货公司，它在科德角开了家夏季分店，我家就在那儿度假。我在大学一年级时，去过马萨诸塞州北安普敦的分店，是全年营业的。我申请在周六以及接下来的暑假当售货员，当场就被录用了。那年夏天，北安普敦分店经理负责管

11、理科德角分店的夏季营业，她要我过去做营业员。 8 大学期间, 我都为法林公司在科德角的分店工作，包括暑期、学期当中的周六和大减价的日子，赚取了我整个大学期间的生活支出。冬季法林公司在我校校报上刊登广告，我为其构思编写广告词，一位绘画专业的学生按我的设想配图。当我读到大四的时候，我知道自己不想从事零售业，但它是我未来谋生的应急手段。我在与商店经理的谈话中了解到，如果我找不到报刊记者的工作，我可以在法林公司培训小组得到一个职位，并以此为跳板从事写作。Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingI. Pre-ReadingSamples1)

12、 Its a job which requires many skills in dealing with people. For example, they should have a very good attitude towards people and provide good service for those who come to their office. Their main task involves doing paperwork in the office, answering phone calls and helping people go through for

13、malities. They have a steady salary, and lead a comparatively leisurely life. They dont have to go on business trips very often. They go to work at 9 in the morning, and get back home at 5 in the afternoon, and they are also called nine-to-fivers. They are not fired easily because they are employed

14、by the government. Not many people would like to take the job before, but now its very popular. People even have to take and pass tests to get employed, and the competition is tough. The government keeps raising the salary of these people partly an attempt to keep them from corruption. (Answer: gove

15、rnment office worker, or civil servant)2) First of all, I am working very hard on my required courses, especially English. To pass CET band 4 and 6 is a must for a better job. In the English class, I am very active in group discussions because I know getting the certificate of CET is not enough. Wha

16、t really counts is my ability to use English. I am also involved in some social work in the university in order to get myself prepared for serving society, so that I can form a good relationship with my colleagues and business partners in my future work. Warm-heartedness is also a very important att

17、ribute for my future career. I participated in some money-raising activities to help those victims of floods and earthquakes. If possible, I would also learn to drive. Having a drivers license will enable me to have a better chance in the job market, I think. Well, it seems that I have a lot to do t

18、o get ready for the future.III. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. 1) Introduction (para. 1): Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.2) Students weaknesses in career planning (para. 2):i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.ii) 40 to 60 percent

19、 of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation. 3) Serious flaws in the w

20、ays of decision making (para. 3-5) i) Complacency ignoring challenging information. ii) Defensive avoidance resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. iii) Hypervigilance searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily derived solutions. 4) Keys to career planning (para. 6-1

21、1) i) Study yourself. ii) Write your career goals down. iii) Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person. iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over. 5) Changes in careers (para. 12-13) i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting

22、ahead. ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages. 6) Conclusion (para. 14-15) Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.2. 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F 3. Teaching tipsThe teach

23、er may organize the interview in the following way:1) Choose an interview panel of three or four students. Choose three students for the panel to interview for the job of a store detective. Hold the interviews. When they are over, the panel should discuss the qualifications of the applicants and cho

24、ose the one they think is best.2) Ask the class to talk about the interviews. Ask questions such as:Do you agree with the panels decision?If you were a member of the panel, which job applicant would you choose, why?Were the interviews fair?How could the applicants have done better? Samples I agree w

25、ith the panels decision. First, the applicant is very confident in answering the questions and he knows what he is supposed to do. Second, he is quick-minded and very strong. Third, he is interested in the job and is ready to dedicate himself to the job. Finally, he has previous experience in workin

26、g as a store detective.I dont agree with the panels decision. I think the panel puts too much emphasis on the appearance of the applicants. I think Applicant B is much more suited for the job. He has a warmer personality. He can be a good store detective as well as a good staff member, because I don

27、t think the sole responsibility for a detective is to check on the shoppers. He should also help the customers when possible. Generally speaking, I think the panel has made a wise decision and chosen the right one for the job. Yet I think the applicant could have done better by not being so conceite

28、d and boastful about his own ability. After all, people cannot trust too much what a person says about himself without further investigation. Whats more, team spirit is very important. If he is not easy-going and feels too good about himself, it will be difficult for others to cooperate with him. I

29、also doubt whether he will listen to the boss.Vocabulary 1. 1) periodically 2) efficiency 3) insight 4) instability 5) clerical 6) evaluation 7) foreseeable 8) challenging 9) integrate 10) formula2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over 6) in reality 7) at stake 8) sei

30、zed on 9) leading to 10) take stock of3. 1) country 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who 7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities 10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating Translation1) I used to enjoy/like photography, but I now have no time

31、to pursue any hobbies.2) There is no sure way to tell/predict who will develop asthma and who wont.3) Today neurobiologists no longer argue about whether or not the brain can grow new cells. 4) “I dont love acting as much as I once did”, said Angelina Jolie.5) If you dont define your goal, you dont

32、know in which direction you should be heading.6) While you should not dwell on your past, taking the time to review and reflect on the path you have taken/spending some time reviewing and thinking about the path you have taken will help you plan for the future.7) You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.8) These examples demonstrate how poorly some students write their rsums.Part Three Further Development1. Enriching Yo