学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅳ Grammar.docx

1、学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section GrammarSection Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现What I always dreamt of has come true.I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.It is certain that this process w

2、ill continue .It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed.It is fun wandering in the countryside.我的发现(1)以上第、句中的黑体部分都是名词性从句，它们分别在各自的句子中作主语、宾语和表语。(2)以上第、句中的黑体部分都是it作形式主语的用法，it分别替代的是主语从句、动词不定式和动名词短语。一、名词性从句()(一)连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句1由what, which, who/whom, whose等连接代词和when, where

3、, why, how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(1)连接代词引导的名词性从句What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。I dont know whose watch it is.我不知这是谁的手表。Do you have any idea what it means to be poor?你知道贫穷意味着什么吗？(2)连接副词引导的名词性从句Where

4、we will go hasnt been decided.我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.Thats why I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞，那就是我淋湿的原因。I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。名师点津(1)名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，但是如果what引导的主语从句代表复数概念，则谓语动词要用复数。如：What

5、 we need are useful books.我们需要的是有用的书。(2)连接代词which通常不用来引导同位语从句。(3)由“wh”词引导的名词性从句必须用陈述语序。即时演练1完成句子他为什么要这样做还不知道。Why he did this is not known.我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的更好。What_we_cant_get seems better than what we have.问题是谁能代替他。The question is who_can_take_the_place_of_him.我不知道他何时到达北京。I dont know when_he_will_ge

6、t_to Beijing.(二)注意事项1引导名词性从句的连接代词和连接副词的区别。(1)成分：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。(2)意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。Thats where the accident took place.那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“的地方”)She didnt know who/whom we were talking about.她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)即时演练2选词填空：when, why, how, which, what, who, whomDo you know w

7、hen the train arrives.Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article.How I can make greater progress later is a problem.Which team will win is not clear.What I want to know is who took away my book.The problem is whom we should have do it.2引导名词性从句的连接代词what与that的区别。(1)that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任

8、何成分，也无任何意义。(2)what引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what具有两个含义：保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；相当于“the thing(s) that/which”，即“先行词定语从句”的含义。另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the place that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The

9、 trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。After what seemed a long wait, the results were announced.经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。即时演练3单句改错That the professor said is of great importance.ThatWhatThe key is that we can get from it.thatwhatHe saves that he earns.thatwhatI know the fact what he came

10、here two years ago.whatthat3引导名词性从句的“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别。whoever, whatever, whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。Whoever telephones(No matter who telephones), tell them Im out.不管是谁打电话，就说我出去了。No matter what you say, I believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。即时演练4句型转换Anyone who comes here i

11、s welcome.Whoever comes here is welcome.You can do anything you like.You can do whatever you like.二、it作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。1代替主语从句it代替主语从句的常用句式如下：(1)It be名词(a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, common knowledge, a surprise .)从句。It is a pit

12、y that I cant go with you because I have to look after my little brother.我不能和你一起去真是太遗憾了，因为我必须照看我的弟弟。Its a fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking.大部分肺癌导致的死亡是由吸烟引起的，这是个事实。(2)It be形容词(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange, uncertain, obvious, imp

13、ortant .)从句。Its clear (that) he has done his best.很明显他已经尽力而为了。(3)Itbe过去分词 (found, believed, reported, thought, noted, proved, known, decided, suggested, required .)从句。It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做那项工作。(4)某些动词(短语)常用it作形式主语。it常用作动词(短语)seem, appear, happen, turn out, chance等的主语。It h

14、appened that I was in the countryside at the time.那时我恰巧在乡下。名师点津“Itbesaid/believed/reported .that .”句型一般可转换成“Sb./Sth.be said/believed/reported .不定式”句型。It is said that he has got a doctors degree.He is said to have got a doctors degree.据说他获得了博士学位。2代替不定式短语It is hard to persuade him to go with me.说服他跟我一

15、块儿去很难。3代替动词ing形式短语It is no good reading in dim light.在昏暗的灯光下读书没有好处。即时演练5用it作形式主语改写句子To remember this rule is important.Its_important_to_remember_this_rule.Lying in the sun in winter is pleasant.It_is_pleasant_lying_in_the_sun_in_winter.That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.It_worried_her_a_bit_that_her_hair_was_turning_grey.单句语法填空1China is no longer what it used to be.2It is not yet clear who