阅读技巧.docx

1、阅读技巧阅读一、阅读方法1. 意群阅读法阅读应当以意群为单位，而非逐字逐句阅读。意群阅读（reading in thought groups）时考生应具备的最基本技能。英语中每个意群由数个词组组成，其中有关键词和非关键词。关键词往往是实词（名词、动词、形容词等），是眼睛注视的焦点；而非关键词是指阅读时视力扫过而无关紧要的词，如介词、冠词、副词、连词等。意群阅读能极大提高阅读速度，往往起到事半功倍的效果。The little boy, Johnnie, / had been up / with a packet of mints, / and said / he wouldnt go out t

2、o play / until the post had come.From the second floor flat / she could see the postman / when he came down the street, / and the little boy from the ground floor / brought up her letters / on the rare occasions / when anything came. Four hundred years ago / nothing like a modern telescope / existed

3、. / Then spectacle makers in Holland / noticed that / when certain lenses / were used in pairs / at the right distance apart, / they magnify things. The first man / to make a powerful microscope / was a Dutchman named Leeuwenhoek, / who was born in 1632. / His instruments / could magnify things / to

4、 three hundred times / their actual size.Successful improvement of your reading / depends upon / your eagerness to improve / and your willingness to practice. Your teacher / can guide you, but only you / can do your own reading. / No one else / can do it for you.Canadas native population / consists

5、of two groups, / the Indian and the Eskimo. Both groups / are thought to / have crossed from Asia / by way of the Bering Sea / several thousand years / before the arrival of Europeans / in North America.2. 信号词辨认法在文章阅读中，信号词的作用很大，因为那些能够发出信号的词汇，预示着读者将要读到的内容与上下文存在什么样的关系或具有什么逻辑意思。文章的句子不是无序的排列，而是按照一定关系，有目

6、的地组织起来的。注意信号词就能更清楚地理顺该句与上下文的逻辑关系及作者的思路，从而提高阅读理解的效率和准确率。(1) In China, bicycle is very popular and is welcomed by almost everyone. The reasons are as follows: First, a bike is cheap. It costs from only about 200 yuan to 500 yuan and most people can afford it. Second, riding a bike is a good exercise,

7、which can help us to keep fit. Third, bikes dont cause air pollution, so that people in the city will have a nice environment to live in. Finally, Unlike cars, a bike doesnt need a large parking space. For these reasons many people in China like a bike very much.(2) When the television was invented

8、in 1923, parents had no idea of the harmful effects this celebrated invention would one day have on children. Because of the tremendous amount of time children spend watching TV, they become passive observers. Since children spend more time in front of the TV and less time on a good book, their read

9、ing abilities have also suffered. As a result, television has a negative effect on childrens learning ability and creativity. Another harmful effect of television is caused by the excessive violence in many popular programs. Consequently, youngsters imitate the aggressive behavior they see on TV. Fo

10、r all these reasons, television has developed from the miracle it once was into the monster it is today.(3) Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of lifes essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is a

11、s necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, th

12、e number of people who didnt have breakfast increased by 33 percent-from 8.8 million to 11.7 million-according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last years

13、 indicates that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. Going without breakfast does not affect performance, said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, nor does giving people breakfast improve performance. Scientific

14、 evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, “is poor.”(4) More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passe

15、ngers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces our chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most v

16、ehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to 50 pounds. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.

17、 However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing (倒退) your vehicle or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid (有效) medical certificate (证书) which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you

18、 decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 二、如何猜测词汇词汇（Vocabulary）是阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。阅读

19、理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：(1) According to the author, the word means_.(2) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ?(3) The term .in paragraph can be best replaced by .(4) Whats the meaning of in line of paragraph.?(5) As used in the line , the word refers to _.一般来说，在文章的阅读中解决释义的最好办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一

20、定的技巧。1. 利用文章中对词的定义或重复猜测词义a. The harbor is protected by a jetty a wall built out into the water. b. Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind.c. Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.d. Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for sellin

21、g flowers in our district.e. He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.f. Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas which can cause death.g. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.2. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义 a. “She went to school for 12 years and she cant w

22、rite a sentence?” Timken said. “They made an illiterate out of my daughter!” b. Timken was now angry Once again he flew into a rage. c. Just before the exam Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even though he knew that subject

23、 very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests. d. The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks. They go from island to island in these light narrow boats and collect turtles eggs e. Jogging has become very popular in some countries. It is believed to be a good exercise for old pe

24、ople.3. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义 a. Select any of these periodicals: Time, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker. b. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye. c. Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washin

25、g machines, refrigerators and color TVs. d. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.4. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义 a. The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers. b. The hot-air balloon took off. It w

26、as as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water. c. If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city, you might have witnessed a strange sight. You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback, saying something d. Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reti

27、cent all the time. e. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented. f. Peter was not frugal since he spent money so freely. g. In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry.5. 利用构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义 a. They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him

28、 many difficult questions b. We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it .6. 根据常识猜测词义 a. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. b. Mark got on the motorbike. I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night

29、.三、细节题在做阅读时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清文中的一些重要细节或事实，因为它们是作者得出结论或阐明论点的依据。换句话说，弄清文章中涉及的一些重要细节或事实有助于领会并确定文章的中心思想。细节题的题型主要有两种：(1) 询问型： (2) 是非型：1. Which of the following statements is true? / is not true?2. Which of the following is not included in the passage?3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the

30、 article?4. All of the following are true except _.5. The author mentioned all of the items listed below except _.6. The author/passage does not tell us _.The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history combined. World population totaled about 500 mil

31、lion in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650-1850. Today the population is more than three billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will more than double in the next twenty-five years, reaching seven billion by the year 2000.1. By 1850, approximately what was t

32、he world population? A. 500 million B. One billion C. Three billion D. seven billion2. World population doubled in the years between _. A. 500-1650 B. 1650-1850 C. 1650-today D. 1850-20003. According to the passage, by the year 2000 the earths population should exceed the present figure by _. A. 500 million B. three billion C. four billion D. seven billion练习(1) When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in so