阅读技巧.docx

阅读技巧.docx

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阅读技巧

阅读

一、阅读方法

1.意群阅读法

阅读应当以意群为单位，而非逐字逐句阅读。

意群阅读（readinginthoughtgroups）时考生应具备的最基本技能。

英语中每个意群由数个词组组成，其中有关键词和非关键词。

关键词往往是实词（名词、动词、形容词等），是眼睛注视的焦点；而非关键词是指阅读时视力扫过而无关紧要的词，如介词、冠词、副词、连词等。

意群阅读能极大提高阅读速度，往往起到事半功倍的效果。

Thelittleboy,Johnnie,/hadbeenup/withapacketofmints,/andsaid/hewouldn’tgoouttoplay/untiltheposthadcome.

Fromthesecondfloorflat/shecouldseethepostman/whenhecamedownthestreet,/andthelittleboyfromthegroundfloor/broughtupherletters/ontherareoccasions/whenanythingcame.

Fourhundredyearsago/nothinglikeamoderntelescope/existed./ThenspectaclemakersinHolland/noticedthat/whencertainlenses/wereusedinpairs/attherightdistanceapart,/theymagnifythings.

Thefirstman/tomakeapowerfulmicroscope/wasaDutchmannamedLeeuwenhoek,/whowasbornin1632./Hisinstruments/couldmagnifythings/tothreehundredtimes/theiractualsize.

Successfulimprovementofyourreading/dependsupon/youreagernesstoimprove/andyourwillingnesstopractice.Yourteacher/canguideyou,butonlyyou/candoyourownreading./Nooneelse/candoitforyou.

Canada’snativepopulation/consistsoftwogroups,/theIndianandtheEskimo.Bothgroups/arethoughtto/havecrossedfromAsia/bywayoftheBeringSea/severalthousandyears/beforethearrivalofEuropeans/inNorthAmerica.

2.信号词辨认法

在文章阅读中，信号词的作用很大，因为那些能够发出信号的词汇，预示着读者将要读到的内容与上下文存在什么样的关系或具有什么逻辑意思。

文章的句子不是无序的排列，而是按照一定关系，有目的地组织起来的。

注意信号词就能更清楚地理顺该句与上下文的逻辑关系及作者的思路，从而提高阅读理解的效率和准确率。

（1）InChina,bicycleisverypopularandiswelcomedbyalmosteveryone.Thereasonsareasfollows:

First,abikeischeap.Itcostsfromonlyabout200yuanto500yuanandmostpeoplecanaffordit.Second,ridingabikeisagoodexercise,whichcanhelpustokeepfit.Third,bikesdon’tcauseairpollution,sothatpeopleinthecitywillhaveaniceenvironmenttolivein.Finally,Unlikecars,abikedoesn’tneedalargeparkingspace.ForthesereasonsmanypeopleinChinalikeabikeverymuch.

（2）Whenthetelevisionwasinventedin1923,parentshadnoideaoftheharmfuleffectsthiscelebratedinventionwouldonedayhaveonchildren.BecauseofthetremendousamountoftimechildrenspendwatchingTV,theybecomepassiveobservers.SincechildrenspendmoretimeinfrontoftheTVandlesstimeonagoodbook,theirreadingabilitieshavealsosuffered.Asaresult,televisionhasanegativeeffectonchildren'slearningabilityandcreativity.Anotherharmfuleffectoftelevisioniscausedbytheexcessiveviolenceinmanypopularprograms.Consequently,youngstersimitatetheaggressivebehaviortheyseeonTV.Forallthesereasons,televisionhasdevelopedfromthemiracleitoncewasintothemonsteritistoday.

（3）GenerationsofAmericanshavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatagoodbreakfastisoneoflife'sessentials.Eatingbreakfastatthestartoftheday,wehaveallbeentold,andtoldagain,isasnecessaryasputtinggasolineinthefamilycarbeforestartingatrip.

Butformanypeoplethethoughtoffoodfirstthinginthemorningisbynomeansapleasure.Sodespitealltheefforts,theystilltakenobreakfast.Between1977and1983,thelatestyearforwhichfiguresareavailable,thenumberofpeoplewhodidn'thavebreakfastincreasedby33percent--from8.8millionto11.7million--accordingtotheChicago--basedMarketResearchCorporationofAmerica.

Forthosewhofeelpainofguiltaboutnoteatingbreakfast,however,thereissomegoodnews.Severalstudiesinthelastyearsindicatesthat,foradultsespecially,theremaybenothingwrongwithomittingbreakfast."Goingwithoutbreakfastdoesnotaffectperformance,"saidArnoldE.Bender,formerprofessorofnutritionatQueenElizabethCollegeinLondon,"nordoesgivingpeoplebreakfastimproveperformance."

Scientificevidencelinkingbreakfasttobetterhealthorbetterperformanceissurprisinglyinadequate,andmostoftherecentworkinvolveschildren,notadults.“Theliterature,”saysoneresearcher,Dr.ErnestoPollittattheUniversityofTexas,“ispoor.”

（4）Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbeltsaveslives;itreducesourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.

Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto50pounds.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibilitytomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingaseatbeltofsomekind.

However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldeliveryorcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalid（有效）medicalcertificate（证书）whichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstancesapplytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.

二、如何猜测词汇

词汇（Vocabulary）是阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。

词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。

阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：

（1）Accordingtotheauthor,theword"…"means_______.

（2）Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto"…"?

（3）Theterm".."inparagraph…canbebestreplacedby….

（4）What'sthemeaningof"…"inline…ofparagraph….?

（5）Asusedintheline…,theword"…"refersto_______.

一般来说，在文章的阅读中解决释义的最好办法是猜测词义。

猜测词义也需要一定的技巧。

1.利用文章中对词的定义或重复猜测词义

a.Theharborisprotectedbyajetty–awallbuiltoutintothewater.

b.Janeisindecisive,thatis,shecan’tmakeuphermind.

c.Suchexperiencesarenotunusualfortheamateurconchologists,peoplewhocollectshells.

d.Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.

e.Hehadawanlook.Hewassopaleandweakthatwethoughthewasill.

f.Carbonmonoxideisanoxiousgaswhichcancausedeath.

g.Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveitupeasily.

2.利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义

a.“Shewenttoschoolfor12yearsandshecan’twriteasentence?

”Timkensaid.“Theymadeanilliterateoutofmydaughter!

”

b.Timkenwasnowangry…Onceagainheflewintoarage.

c.JustbeforetheexamCarl’shandsshookandsweatedsomuchthathecouldnotholdapen.Hisheartbeatfastandhisstomachached,eventhoughheknewthatsubjectverywell.Hereallyhadastrangephobiaabouttakingtests.

d.Thefishermenmaketheircanoesfromtreetrunks.Theygofromislandtoislandintheselightnarrowboatsandcollectturtles'eggs

e.Jogginghasbecomeverypopularinsomecountries.Itisbelievedtobeagoodexerciseforoldpeople.

3.利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义

a.Selectanyoftheseperiodicals:

Time,Newsweek,Reader’sDigestorTheNewYorker.

b.Sheisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.

c.Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolorTVs.

d.Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweaponsandwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads.

4.利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义

a.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.

b.Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasasbuoyantintheairasacork（软木塞）inwater.

c.Ifyouhappenedtobesittinginthewoodsoutsidethecity,youmighthavewitnessedastrangesight.Youwouldhaveseenaveryproudlookingmanridingalonghorseback,sayingsomething

d.JanewastalkingwithotherswhileElizaremainedreticentallthetime.

e.Mostofusagreed;however,Billdissented.

f.Peterwasnotfrugalsincehespentmoneysofreely.

g.Inthenorthernregionsthewintersaregenerallycoldandhumid,andthesummershotanddry.

5.利用构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义

a.Theyoverestimatetheinterviewee'sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions

b.Weweretoldthatourswasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.

6.根据常识猜测词义

a.ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.

b.Markgotonthemotorbike.Isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.

三、细节题

在做阅读时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清文中的一些重要细节或事实，因为它们是作者得出结论或阐明论点的依据。

换句话说，弄清文章中涉及的一些重要细节或事实有助于领会并确定文章的中心思想。

细节题的题型主要有两种：

（1）询问型：

（2）是非型：

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

/isnottrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthearticle?

4.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept_________.

5.Theauthormentionedalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept________.

6.Theauthor/passagedoesnottellus__________.

Thepopulationoftheworldhasincreasedmoreinmoderntimesthaninallotheragesofhistorycombined.Worldpopulationtotaledabout500millionin1650.Itdoubledintheperiodfrom1650-1850.Todaythepopulationismorethanthreebillion.EstimatesbasedonresearchbytheUnitedNationsindicatethatitwillmorethandoubleinthenexttwenty-fiveyears,reachingsevenbillionbytheyear2000.

1.By1850,approximatelywhatwastheworldpopulation?

A.500millionB.OnebillionC.ThreebillionD.sevenbillion

2.Worldpopulationdoubledintheyearsbetween______.

A.500-1650B.1650-1850C.1650-todayD.1850-2000

3.Accordingtothepassage,bytheyear2000theearth’spopulationshouldexceedthepresentfigureby_______.

A.500millionB.threebillionC.fourbillionD.sevenbillion

练习

（1）Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinso