1、中考英语语法复习句子连词2019年中考英语语法复习方案11句子、连词简单句、并列句、复合句(状语从句)连词【趋势解读】 (1)句子是英语大厦的基石和灵魂,它是英语交际最基本的单位。句子是由若干单词或词组按一定的语言顺序和规则形成的排列组合,而组合句子的单词或词组叫作句子成分。英语的篇章就是由句子构成的,因此弄清句子成分和结构不但是进一步学习复合句和特殊句式的基础,也是阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达能力提升的关键所在。 (2)连词是一种虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,但它犹如过河的卒子,能量巨大,因为它是连接词与词、词组与词组或句子的桥梁。它也是英语单词、词组和句子的逻辑符号,属于并列关系的词、词组、
2、句子由并列连词连接,而从属连词用采连接两个有主从关系的句子。【思维引导】精彩笔记1 简单句五种基本句型 无论句子的结构多么复杂,都不会超出简单句的五种基本框架。长句、难句都是这五种句型的扩充、套用和连用。影响句型结构的主要因素是谓语动词。 “主谓”句型主语+谓语 “主谓宾”句型(一) 主语+谓语+宾语简单句五种基本句型 “主谓宾”句型(二) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 “主谓宾”句型(三) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 “主系表”句型主语+系动词+表语核心题根1 将下列词或词组连成句子。 (1)immediately/left/he (2)we/at/home/stay/on Sunday
3、s (3)the little boy/an apple八his morning/ate/greedily/in the kitchen 思路点拨:考查“主语十谓语”和“主语+谓语+宾语”句型。在“主谓”句型中,谓语动词是不及物的,其后可以接副词,说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。具体顺序为:主/动/宾语或补足语/方式状语/地点状语/时间状语。 (4)the man/a bottle of beer/to/the waiter/brought (5)her new dress/her husband/showed/she (6)we/an honest boy/all/think/him 思路
4、点拨:考查“主谓宾”句型中双宾语和复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。简单句的语序是主谓语先行,修饰语左右,动词的修饰状语一般在动词后,名词的修饰定语一般在名词的前面。 (7)for years/the house/empty/stood (8)very angry/became/after/the news/she 思路点拨:系表句型的语序为“主+系+表”。注意:除了be动词之外,还有一些表示感官和变化等的系动词。时间状语也可以置于句首。 同类变式1 将所给词语连成句子,标点已给出。要求:符合语法,语句通顺,大小写正确,词语不得重复使用。 (1)I, go on, yesterday, a tri
5、p (2)it,I,was,school trip,first (3)we,happy, sang, on the way (4)interesting activity,many, there were (5)what,we,a, wonder, time,had 方法技巧 六个成分即叙述的六要素: who(谁做,主语),action(做什么,谓语),who/which/what(被做了什么,宾语),how(状语,怎么做), where (状语,在哪里做),when(状语,何时做)。 注意:时间状语可以置于句末,也可以置于句首。精彩笔记2 both . and . , neither . n
6、or . , either . or.的用法 连词是一种虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,连词用来连接单词、词组或句子。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。 表示两个都用both . and .;两个中任选一个用either. or .;两个中一个也不要(不是),用neither .nor.。核心题根2 (1)Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?一I may live in a hotel in a friends house. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only;
7、 but also 思路点拨:both. and.“和都”;either . or .“要么,要么”;neither . nor .“不,也不”; not only . but also .“不但而且”。答语句意:也许我要么住在旅馆里,要么住在朋友家里。表示从两个中任意选择一个。 (2) Tom Peter are fond of watching TV. A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor 思路点拨:neither . nor既不也不; either . or.要么要么;not only. but
8、also.不仅而且。这三组连词用于连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与最后一个主语保持一致,即“就近原则”。both . and.两个都,连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词用复数。 (3)Tim, how do your parents like pop music?一 my dad my mom likes it. They both prefer classical music. A. Either.or B. Neither.nor C. Not onlybut also 思路点拨:由答语后句句意“他们两个更喜欢古典音乐”可推知答语前句句意为“我的爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢它(流行音乐)”。neither
9、. nor.“既不也不”,符合句意,故选B。 同类变式2 How do you like the two pairs of shorts?They dont fit me well. They are too long too short. A. not only; but also B. both; and C. neither; nor D. either; or (2)I hear your grandpa your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.Right, just as many old people do in our city. A.
10、both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also知识归纳 并列连词的类别: (1)表示并列:and和;nor也不;neither .nor既不也不;both .and和都,不但而且;not only . but(also)不但而且;as well as 和,不但而且 (2)表示选择:or或者,否则;otherwise否则;either . or或或,不是就是 (3)表示转折:but但是;while然而(对比);however可是,然而;yet然而,可是,而且;still然而,还是 (4)表示因果:for因为,由于;the
11、refore所以,因此;so因此,所以;thus因此精彩笔记3 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构 (1)and用于“祈使句+and+简单句”这一结构中,其中祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件状语从句,并列连词and引导的简单句常用一般将来时。如: Go at once, and you will see her. =If you go at once, you will see her.马上去,那么你就会见到她了。 (2)用于“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中,祈使句相当于一个否定的条件状语从句,并列连词or引导的简单句常用一般将来时。核心题根3 Read this article, you wi
12、ll understand that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 思路点拨:该题考查并列句的句式结构:祈使句+and/or+简单句(常用一般将来时)。or“否则”,表示相反的结果;and“并且”,表示顺承关系。由句意“读这篇文章,你就会明白并不是所有的东西都可以用钱来买”可知表示顺承关系,故用and。 同类变式3 Spend more time talking with your parents, they may not well understand you。 A. or B. so
13、C. and D. but易错警示 连接并列的两个人或物时,在肯定句中用and,在否定句中用or。如:The elephant isnt like a spear, or a snake, or a tree, neither is he like a fan.精彩笔记4 表递进关系、选择关系和转折关系的并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 常见的并列句有四种:表递进关系,表选择关系,表转折关系,表因果关系。核心题根4 (1) Confucius once said, “Everything ha
14、s its beauty, not everyone sees it.” A. but B. or C. and D. so 思路点拨:but“然而,但是”,表示转折;or“或者”,表示选择;and“和,而且”,表示并列或顺承。“万物皆有动人之处”与“并非众人皆能洞悉”之间是转折关系。 (2) Practice more, youll do better in playing chess. A. but B. and C. when D. after 思路点拨:该句为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,其意义相当于if引导的肯定意义的条件状语从句。其中and表示前后为顺承关系。句意:多训练,你在下
15、国际象棋方面会做得更好。 同类变式4 (1) You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you. A. so B. or C. and D. but (2) Mike was usually so careful, this time he made a small mistake. A. yet B. still C. even D. thus (3) At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with
16、one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as方法技巧 (1) while用作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。 (2)yet的用法很灵活,兼具连词与副词两种词性。如: He is poor, yet he is happy.(连词,表转折,注意此时yet的位置且前面必须加逗号。) He is poor, and yet he is happy.(副词,表转折,因为前面有并列连词and。) Though he is poor, yet he is happy.(副词,表转折。)精彩笔记5 常用的并列连词 表示因果关系常用的并列连词有so, for.
17、 when还可用作并列连词,其意思为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this /that time。常用于下列句式:sb was doing sth when sb was about to do/going to do /on the point of doing sth whensb had just done sth when核心题根5 (1) One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. w
18、hen 思路点拨:句意:一个周五,我们正在打包要出去度周末,就在那时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。本题考查“be doing . when .”这一句型结构。 (2) It was raining heavily, we decided to stay at home and watch TV. A. but B. or C. because D. so 思路点拨:but“但是”;or“否则,或者”;because“因为”;so“因此,所以”。根据句意“雨下得很大,因此我们决定待在家里看电视”可知,so符合题意。 同类变式5 正确的并列连词填空。 (1) English is understood
19、 all over the world Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself. (2) He was just going to sleep he heard someone shout,“Fire! Fire!” (3)She is seriously ill, she doesnt give up hope. (4) He is a good teacher, he is very popular with students. (5) does he do well in English, but he d
20、oes well in math. (6) I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailors shop.易错警示 1. for (1)介词:“为了”,表示目的。 (2)连词:“因为”,表示原因,语气比because弱。 2. when (1)副词,“什么时候”。 (2)从属连词,“当时”。 (3)并列连词,“这时,那时”。精彩笔记6 时间状语从句 复合句是由主句和从句组成的。主句是复合句的主体。从句由从属连接词引导,从句本身有自己的主语、谓语及其他成分。但是,从句不能独立存在。根据从句在复合句中的语法功能,从句分为主语
21、从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 主语从句 名词性从句 由that, if, whether引导的宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 由when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,since until, once等引导的时 间状语从句 由if,unless,as long as等引导的条件状语从句 由because,as,since等引导的原因状语从句 由in order that,so that等引导的目的状语从句状语从句 由although, though,even if,even though等引导的让步状语从句 由sothat,suchtha
22、t,so that等引导的结果状语从句 由where, wherever等引导的地点状语从句 由as. as. ,not as /so . as . , than等引导的比较状语从句 由as, as if,as though等引导的方式状语从句 状语从句是在句中起副词作用的句子,可用于复合句的句首或句末。句式为:“状语从句+逗号+主句”或“主句+状语从句”。 when, while, as引导时间状语从句时的区别: when可表示片刻时间,也可表示一段时间。主句动词的动作可与从句动词的动作同时发生也可不同时发生。 while表示一段时间。主句动作与从句动作同时发生,从句中必须用连续性动词。as
23、表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生,常译为“一边一边”。核心题根6 (1) Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal. A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 思路点拨:句意:Mary在客人们快吃完饭时给他们沏咖啡。题中所给四个选项都是从属连词,都可以引导状语从句。A项so that意为“以至于,为的是”,引导结果和目的状语从句。B项although意为“虽然,但是”,引导让步状语从句。D项as if意为“好像”,引导方式状语从句。这三项都不符合本句句意。C项while意为“当的时候”,引导
24、时间状语从句,while表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生,从句中必须用连续性动词,常用进行时态。 (2) Hes not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back his parents talk with him. A. if B. before C. when D. until 思路点拨:if“如果;是否”,可用于引导条件状语从句和宾语从句;before“在之前”,用于引导时间状语从句;when“当时”,可用于引导时间状语从句;until“直到为止”,用于引导时间状语从句。句意为:“他不是一个完美的孩子。当他父母和他谈话时,他有时候顶嘴。” (3) H
25、e smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 思路点拨:句意:当玛丽代她醉酒的朋友们致歉时,他有礼貌地笑了。本题考查时间状语从句。as当的时候,相当于when。B,C,D均不符合题意。 同类变式6 用when,while或as填空。 (1) I was walking down the street,I noticed a police car in front of the store. (2) John arrived, I was cooking lun
26、ch. (3) he grew older,he lost interest in everything except gardening. (4)I loved history I was at school.规律总结 如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when, while与as可互换使用。如: When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。精彩笔记7 as soon as,
27、 once, until, since, before, every time等引导的时间状语从句 1. before 若表达“还未就;不到就; 才;还没来得及就”时,需用连词before。如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. before从句中的谓语不用否定式。如:Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们还没到火车站,火车就已开走了。 2. since (1) since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发
28、生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,相应地,主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 (2)在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中,时间的计算一律从since从句中谓语动词所表示的动作完成或表示的状态结束时算起。如:It is three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I stopped smoking.我不吸烟有三年了。 3. every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从
29、句,表示“每当,每次,下次”等。如:Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境,他就会来帮助我。核心题根7 (1)You cant borrow books from the school library you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 思路点拨:句意:你拿到你的学生证以后才能从学校图书馆借书。 只有A项符合句意。 (2) you start eating in a healthier way,weight con
30、trol will become much easier. A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once 思路点拨:句意:一旦你开始遵循更健康的饮食方式,体重的控制会变得更容易。本题考查状语从句。A:除非;B:虽然;C:在之前;D:一旦。 (3) The students cant go home they finish cleaning the classroom, for its their duty. A. when B. since C. if D. until 思路点拨: until“直到为止”,引导时间状语从句,可构成not . until“直到才”。句意为:“学生们直到打扫完教室才能回家,因为这是他们的责任。” 同类变式7 (1) I was watching TV my brother was writing an e-mail at home at this time last night. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while (2)When will you return the
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