届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析.docx

1、届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析2021届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four MarathonsPortland MarathonThe marathon welcomes 8 000 people every fall. Its a great event for first-timers because everyone is cheered on with enthusiasm no matter how long

2、 it takes to cross the finish line. The time limit for the full marathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile, or 6 hours and 33 minutes, but in the past it had an open time limit. They promise youll still receive your medal if you fall behind the pace, but you have to finish using the sidewalks.TCS

3、 New York City MarathonAs the worlds biggest marathon, the TCS New York City Marathon attracts over 50,000 people to the Big Apple each November. The time limit is generous eight and a half hours, but participants must move to the sidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes t

4、hrough five boroughs (行政区) of the city and crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo MarathonThe marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December. The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard in downtown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish

5、 line in Kapiolani Park. The start time is at 5: 00 am with finish line services officially open until 2: 00 pm. However, the organizers allow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4: 00 pm.Boston MarathonThe marathon is held in May every year. For this event running isnt allowed as the

6、city streets arent closed off. Participants must instead make their way along sidewalks under the guidance of event organizers and city police. The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mile Boston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runn

7、er most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland. B.In New York.C.In Honolulu. D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular. B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park. D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held th

8、e earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon. B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon. D.Honolulu Marathon.BSimply being quiet is a growing appeal. Lots of business have appeared to meet a rising demand for quiet time, from silent weekend getaways to silent dining, silent reading parties and even

9、 silent dating. Silence can mean different things to different people. We are usually silent only with those closest to us. So there is something almost radical(不同凡响的)about the recent trend towards enjoying silence with strangers.Mariel started a regular silent reading party inDundeejust under a yea

10、r ago. Readers bring their books and meet in a bar, where they read together in silence for an hour or sometimes two and then put their books away to chat and have a drink. “When the reading party starts, everything goes quiet,” says Mariel, “ Its a little bit surreal (超现实的), especially in what is u

11、sually a noisy bar. However, there is something special about sharing the silence with others. It offers a chance to escape from reality; everyone is so busy with work and with technology being ever present. An event like thisgives people the opportunity to escape these things for a while.”Honi Ryan

12、 is an artist based inBerlinwho began hosting silent dinner back in 2006. The rules of the dinner are: no talking, no using your voice, no reading or writing, trying to make as little noise as possible, not connecting with technology, and staying for at least two hours. So far she has taken her sile

13、nt dinner project toMexico, theUS,AustraliaandChina. “Its evident that the age-old connections we make over food do not depend on the words around it. Silence creates the space for the people and places involved to fill with whatever is needed;itis quite different from our usual social behaviors.”4.

14、 Why have lots of silent businesses appeared?A. To satisfy peoples demand for silence.B. To make people get close to each other.C. To appeal to young people.D. To change peoples old way of life.5. What can we learn about Mariels silent reading parties?A. Readers can use their voice while reading.B.

15、Readers can be busy with their work.C. Readers can connect with technology.D. Readers can chat and drink after reading.6. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A. noise B. space C. silence D. food7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Escape from Reality. B. Enjoying Bei

16、ng Quiet.C. Silent Reading Parties. D. Silent Dining Projects.CA nurse has fulfilled (实现) a promise she made to her patient four years ago to one day attend her daughters graduation from nursing school.Edina Habibovic, 22, graduated from Chamberlain Universitys College of Nursing in 2020. Her mother

17、, Sevala Habibovic, 46, died in2017 after a two year fight with breast cancer.“I thought the medical field wasnt for me. Then, my mom got sick and I had all the experience going in and out of the hospital, ” Edina toldGood MorningAmerica. “When my mom passed away, I thought, I want to dothis.”she sa

18、id.Sanja Josipovic, who at the time worked as a home health nurse with Northwestern Medicine in Winfield, Illinois, cared for Sevala inside her home. They often chatted and shared the latest news with each other over six months of care.“She was most worried about Edina because she was young and hadn

19、t finished school yet, ” Sanja said. “We are like sisters; we care about and trust each other. She was a powerful and strong minded woman. She wasnt scared to die; she was just worried about her kids and husband.”Edina said her mother lived for being with her family and taking care of people. “When

20、Sanja was working, my mom would still try to make her something to eat, no matter how sick she was, ” Edina added. When Sevalas life was coming to an end, she asked Sanja to take her place at her youngest daughters nursing school graduation. “That was the only thing she was going to miss. Edinas gra

21、duation, ” said Sanja, who is a mother of three herself. She agreed.Due to COVID - 19, there was no graduation or pinning ceremony. Edinas manager at Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital decided to host a pinning ceremony for her and have Sanja present the pin. “Sanja has fulfilled her promise, ” Edina

22、 said.Edina and Sanja are now caring for patients alongside one another as colleagues at Marianjoy.8. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Leaving the hospital B. Working as a nurseC. Facing death positively D. Caring for Edinas mother9. What can be learned about Sanja and

23、 Sevala?A. They enjoyed volunteering B. They were cancer survivorsC. They had unhappy marriages D. They developed a close bond10. What would be Sevalas regret?A. The loss of the chance to study medicineB. Her absence from Edinas school graduationC. Failing to keep the promise made to SanjaD. Never c

24、ooking a good meal for her husband11. How did Sanja fulfill her promise?A. By taking care of Edina and her familyB. By helping Edina enter her dream hospitalC. By attending a special ceremony for EdinaD. By managing to become Edinas colleagueDWhy isnt science better? Look at career incentive(激励).The

25、re are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are su

26、pposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isnt so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plen

27、ty of science does replicate meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them - but the amount that doesnt is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations

28、 and forming hypotheses to fit an experiments results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.Its not like we dont know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice o

29、ften falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why arent scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public

30、 schools are evaluated by students performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principleoften summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to b

31、e a good measure”playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is addi

32、tional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptib