初高中衔接定语从句.docx

1、初高中衔接定语从句 初高中衔接-定语从句讲解及练习 李靖 一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do.3) Everyone wants to visit the place where Premier Zhou once worked.4) I will never forget the days when I arrived in New York. 归纳总结：1.定语从句必须得有_, 可以是_ 或

2、代词来充当。 2.定语从句必须得有_ 或关系副词来引导。巩固练习：请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1.Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.I have some ideas that may help. 二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.指人的关系代词(1)The boys who are

3、playing football are from Class One. 作_(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 作_(3) Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom/)you talked about. 作_(4) The man( who/whom)you met just now is my friend.作_(5) We are talking about the man we saw last week.作宾语可以_2.指物的关系代词 (1) Football is a game which/th

4、at is liked by most boys. 作_ (2) This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday.作_ (3).Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 作_ (4) My friends and I talked about the rules we have in school. 作宾语可以_ （5).He is from America, which can tell from his accent. which 在句中引导_定语从 句,指代_ (6). Crus

5、oes dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. Which在句中引导_ 定语从句，在句中指代一个词。3.既指人又指物的关系代词 (1) The people that come to visit the city are all here. 做_ (2) Where is the man that I saw this morning? 做_ (3) I will never forget the places and people that I have ever visited. 作_ (4) The classroom whos

6、e door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. (5).Do you like the boy whose father is a worker?=Do you like the book the father of whom is a worker?=Do you like the book of w

7、hom the father is a worker ? (6).This is the same book as you bought yesterday. 作_ (7).Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face. 作_ （8).I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out 作_ (9).It is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out. 作_ (10). He can lif

8、t so heavy a stoneas no one else can. 作_(11) . As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. As 在句中引导_, 指代_.比较：It is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.（引导结果状语从句）注意：the same.that强调同一个而the same.as强调同类，在意思上是不同的。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. This is the same

9、 pen that I lost yesterday.归纳总结：关系代词指代 在从句中的功能作宾语时可否省略who人可省略whom人可省略which物可省略that人和物可省略whose=the+n+of which/whom= of which/whom+ the+n 人和物as人和物1.关系代词的三个作用1).引导 2).代替 3).在定语从句中作_2.关系代词在句中做宾语时可以_3.注意：当先行词被the same, such, so修饰时，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词,在 句中做主语，宾语和表语，用_.4.在非限制性定语从句中，which既可以指代一个词也可以指代一个句子，表示“这”；

10、 而_只可以在非限制性定语从句中指代整个句子，表示“正如”。巩固练习:请用关系代词which/that/who/whom/whose填空1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is ZhangHua.3.The man _ you went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.The runner _

11、 you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8.The man _was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock

12、 is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book _ is on the table is mine.16.The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the the places _ I have ever visited.18.Is there

13、anyone _ family is in Beijing?19.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer. = Show me the boy the mother _ _ is a well-known singer. = Show me the boy _ _ the mother is a well-known singer.20. I live in a house _ window faces south. = I live in a house the window _ _ faces south. = I live in a

14、 house _ _ the window faces south. 21.We have found such materials _are used in their factories.22.These houses are sold at such a low price _people expected. 23.He is not the same man _ he was.24. He is an American, _ we know from his accent.参考答案：1.who/that 2.who/that 3. (who/whom/that) 4.(who/whom

15、/that) 5. (who/whom/that ) 6.(who/whom/that) 7.(who/whom/that) 8. Who/that 9.(that) 10. (which/that ) 11. (which/that) 12. which/that 13. (which/that) 14.which/that 15. which/that 16.( which/that) 17. (which/that) 18. whose 19. whose/of whom/of whom 20. Whose/of which/ of which 21.as 22. as 23. as 2

16、4.which 三关系代词的特殊情况1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1).先行词是all, none, some, any ,few, little, much, nothing, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. Is there anything that you dont understand?(2).先行词被the only, the very,just the,all,any等不定代词修饰时。例如： This is the very book (that )I am

17、looking for. = This is just the book (that ) I am looking for. He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. You can borrow any book (that) you want to read. (3).先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4).先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that)

18、I have read this year. (5).先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things (that) he remembered. （6）为了避免重复，主句中已经有了who/which时，就用that Who is the boy that just spoke to you?Which of you that has attended the meeting can tell us something about it?2.只用which不用that的情况：(1) 非限制性定语从句中，指物时不能用关系代词tha

19、t,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省 略。例如： That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday. 比较：She has two brothers, _ are both doctors. Last Sunday they reached New York, _ a meeting was to be held. (2) which可以指代整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念，相当于and this . 例如： He did very well in the competition, which made his

20、 parents very happy. (3).在介词的后面，指物一般只能用which。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 3.只用who不用that的情况 （1）先行词为one，ones，anyone，those（或被those修饰时）时宜用who One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. We dont want anyone who cant afford the tuition fees to drop out of

21、 school. Those who have good manners will be highly respected. (2) 在there be开头的句子中宜用who There is an old man who wants to see you.巩固练习：1) Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_hehad visited.2).Heistheonlyman_Icanfindforthework.3).Youmustwatchcarefullyeverything_theteacherdoesinclass.4).Thisisoneofthemos

22、texcitingfootballgames_Ihaveeverseen.5).Thelastplace_wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.6).ThefirstEnglishnovel_IreadwasRobinsonCrusoe.7).Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople_ hehadvisited.8).Isthereanyquestion_troublesyoumuch?9).Whoistheman_isspeakingthere?10).Sheist

23、heonlyperson_understandsme.11).Thisistheverybook_Iamafter.12).Heisnottheman_heusedtobe.13).Isthereanything_Icandoforyou,miss?14).Littlehasbeendone_ishelpfultoourwork.15).Nothing_hedoesisbadlydone.16).Whichisthebook_yourfatherboughtfrom NewYork?17).Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepol

24、ice.19).All_isneededisasupplyofoil.20).Those_ want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.21).My house, _ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.22).The weather turned out to be very good ,_ was more than we could expect. 参考答案：1-19)：that 20). who 21). which 22). which 四关系副词的用法1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状

25、语。例如：Ill never forget the year when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.比较：I will never forget the time/the days_ we spent together in the countryside. 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the farm where we worked last year. The factory where his father works is in the

26、east of the city.比较: This is the factory _ we visited last year. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作状语。Why=for which Is this the reason why she refused our offer? I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.比较：I dont want to hear any reason_ you might give.巩固练习：1).I still remember the day _ I first came t

27、o this school.2).The time _ we got together finally arrived.3).October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.4).Shanghai is the city _I was born.5).The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.（拆掉）6).I visited the farm _ his father worked.7).Please tell me the reaso

28、n _you missed the plane.8).The reason_ he was punished is unknown to us.9).I dont know the reason _ _ he looks unhappy today.参考答案：1）-3） ：when 4）-6 ）：where 7）-9 ）：why4.模糊地点先行词与时间先行词 如果先行词是point/situation/ scene/stage/case/position等 时，如果定语从句中不缺主语宾语，这些词可以视作是“模糊地点先行词”，可以选择where来引导定语从句 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 比较：I can think of many cases( which/ that) you know nothing about.经典例题：1).- Do y