初高中衔接定语从句.docx
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初高中衔接定语从句
初高中衔接------定语从句讲解及练习
李靖
一、定义：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：
1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2）YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
3）EveryonewantstovisittheplacewherePremierZhouonceworked.
4）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIarrivedinNewYork.
归纳总结：
1.定语从句必须得有___________,可以是_______或代词来充当。
2.定语从句必须得有__________或关系副词来引导。
巩固练习：
请分析一下定语从句：
（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）
1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3. Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词
（1）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.作__________
（2）YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.作__________
（3）Mr.Liuistheperson（who/whom/）youtalkedabout.作__________
（4）Theman（who/whom）youmetjustnowismyfriend.作__________
（5）Wearetalkingaboutthemanwesawlastweek.作宾语可以_________
2.指物的关系代词
（1）Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.作__________
（2）Thisisthepen（which/that）heboughtyesterday.作_____________
（3）.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.作_______________
（4）MyfriendsandItalkedabouttheruleswehaveinschool.作宾语可以_________
（5）.HeisfromAmerica,whichcantellfromhisaccent.which在句中引导_____定语从
句,指代_______
（6）.Crusoe’sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.Which在句中引导_____
定语从句，在句中指代一个词。
3.既指人又指物的关系代词
（1）Thepeoplethatcometovisitthecityareallhere.做_____________
（2）WhereisthemanthatIsawthismorning?
做____________
（3）IwillneverforgettheplacesandpeoplethatIhaveevervisited.作_____________
（4）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
（5）.Doyouliketheboywhosefatherisaworker?
=Doyoulikethebookthefatherofwhomisaworker?
=Doyoulikethebookofwhomthefatherisaworker?
（6）.Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.作___________
（7）.Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.作__________
（8）.Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout作________
（9）.Itissuchadifficultproblemasnobodycanworkout.作____________
（10）.Hecanliftsoheavyastone asnooneelsecan.作____________
（11）.Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.As在句中引导_______,
指代____________.
比较：
Itissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.（引导结果状语从句）
注意：
thesame…..that强调同一个而thesame…..as强调同类，在意思上是不同的。
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.
归纳总结：
关系代词
指代
在从句中的功能
作宾语时可否省略
who
人
可省略
whom
人
可省略
which
物
可省略
that
人和物
可省略
whose
=the+n+ofwhich/whom
=ofwhich/whom+the+n
人和物
as
人和物
1.关系代词的三个作用1）.引导2）.代替3）.在定语从句中作______
2.关系代词在句中做宾语时可以___________
3.注意：
当先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词,在
句中做主语，宾语和表语，用___________.
4.在非限制性定语从句中，which既可以指代一个词也可以指代一个句子，表示“这”；
而______只可以在非限制性定语从句中指代整个句子，表示“正如”。
巩固练习:
请用关系代词which/that/who/whom/whose填空
1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4. Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
5. Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
6. Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7. Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.
8. Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
9. Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
10. Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
11. Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.
12. Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
13. Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
14. Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
15. Thebook____________isonthetableismine.
16. Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.
17. Iwillneverforgetthetheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
18. Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
19. Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.
=Showmetheboythemother____________isawell-knownsinger.
=Showmetheboy_____________themotherisawell-knownsinger.
20.Iliveinahouse______windowfacessouth.
=Iliveinahousethewindow___________facessouth.
=Iliveinahouse___________thewindowfacessouth.
21.Wehavefoundsuchmaterials______areusedintheirfactories.
22.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_______peopleexpected.
23.Heisnotthesameman_______hewas.
24.HeisanAmerican,__________weknowfromhisaccent.
参考答案：
1.who/that2.who/that3.（who/whom/that）4.（who/whom/that）5.
（who/whom/that）6.（who/whom/that）7.（who/whom/that）8.Who/that9.（that）
10.（which/that）11.（which/that）12.which/that13.（which/that）14.which/that
15.which/that16.（which/that）17.（which/that）18.whose19.whose/ofwhom/ofwhom20.Whose/ofwhich/ofwhich21.as22.as23.as24.which
三．关系代词的特殊情况
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：
（1）.先行词是all,none,some,any,few,little,much,nothing,something,everything,
anything等不定代词时。
例如：
Allthathesaidistrue.
Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?
（2）.先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe,all,any等不定代词修饰时。
例如：
Thisistheverybook（that）Iamlookingfor.
=Thisisjustthebook（that）Iamlookingfor.
Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
Youcanborrowanybook（that）youwanttoread.
（3）.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如：
Hewasthesecond（person）thattoldmethesecret.
（4）.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
Thisisthebestbook（that）Ihavereadthisyear.
（5）.先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如：
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings（that）heremembered.
（6）为了避免重复，主句中已经有了who/which时，就用that
Whoistheboythatjustspoketoyou?
Whichofyouthathasattendedthemeetingcantellussomethingaboutit?
2.只用which不用that的情况：
（1）非限制性定语从句中，指物时不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省
略。
例如：
Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
比较：
Shehastwobrothers,________arebothdoctors.
LastSundaytheyreachedNewYork,________ameetingwastobeheld.
（2）which可以指代整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念，相当于andthis.
例如：
Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
（3）.在介词的后面，指物一般只能用which。
ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.
3.只用who不用that的情况
（1）先行词为one，ones，anyone，those（或被those修饰时）时宜用who
Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
Wedon’twantanyonewhocan’taffordthetuitionfeestodropoutofschool.
Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.
（2）在therebe开头的句子中宜用who
Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.
巩固练习：
1）He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he hadvisited.
2）.He is the only man _______ I can find for the work.
3）. You must watch carefully everything _______ the teacher does in class.
4）. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.
5）.The last place _______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.
6）. The first English novel _______ I read was Robinson Crusoe.
7）. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people ____
he had visited.
8）.Is there any question _______ troubles you much?
9）.Who is the man _______ is speaking there?
10）. She is the only person _______ understands me.
11）.This is the very book _______ I am after.
12）.He is not the man _______ he used to be.
13）.Is there anything _______ I can do for you, miss?
14）.Little has been done _______ is helpful to our work.
15）.Nothing _______ he does is badly done.
16）.Which is the book _______ your father bought fromNew York?
17）.Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police.
19）.All _______ is needed is a supply of oil.
20）.Those_____wanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.
21）.Myhouse,_____Iboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.
22）.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
参考答案：
1-19）：
that20）.who21）.which22）.which
四．关系副词的用法
1.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：
I’llneverforgettheyearwhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
比较：
Iwillneverforgetthetime/thedays________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.
2.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：
Thisisthefarmwhereweworkedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
比较:
Thisisthefactory________wevisitedlastyear.
3.why指原因，在定语从句中作状语。
Why=forwhich
Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedouroffer?
Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.
比较：
Idon’twanttohearanyreason__________youmightgive.
巩固练习：
1）.Istillremembertheday_______Ifirstcametothisschool.
2）.Thetime________wegottogetherfinallyarrived.
3）.October1,1949wastheday_______thePeoples’RepublicofChinawasfounded.
4）.Shanghaiisthecity_______Iwasborn.
5）.Thehouse______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.（拆掉）
6）.Ivisitedthefarm_____hisfatherworked.
7）.Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.
8）.Thereason______hewaspunishedisunknowntous.
9）.Idon’tknowthereason__helooksunhappytoday.
参考答案：
1）---3）：
when4）----6）：
where7）---9）：
why
4.模糊地点先行词与时间先行词
如果先行词是point/situation/scene/stage/case/position等时，如果定语从句中不缺主语宾语，这些词可以视作是“模糊地点先行词”，可以选择where来引导定语从句
Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
比较：
Icanthinkofmanycases（which/that）youknownothingabout.
经典例题：
1）.-----Doy
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