英语动词时态归纳总结对照表.docx

1、英语动词时态归纳总结对照表英语动词时态归纳总结对照表英语动词时态归纳总结对照表名称用法动词形式(以do为例)常 用 时 间 状 语例句一般现在时1.现在的状态2.经常性或习惯性的动作3.主语具备的性格或能力I/We/You/They do.He/She/It does.in the morning/afternoon/morningevery day/morning/Sundayon Sun dayalwaysusuallyoftensometimes1.She is twelve.2.I get up at 6:30 every day.3.She likes swimming.一般过去时1

2、.过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态2.过去经常或反复发生的动作I/We did.You did.He/She/It did.They did.yesterday(morning/afternoon)last night/Sundayin 1990two days agoalwaysusually often sometimes1.I got up at 6:30 yesterday.2.He always went to work by bus last year.一般将来时1.将来某时间要发生的动或存在的状态2.将来经常或反复发生的动作I shall do.Im going to do.We/

3、You/They/He/She/ It will do.We/You/They are goingto do.He/She/It is going todo.tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening)next year/month/week1.I will go to my home town next week.2.Ill come to see you every Sunday.3.Im going to swim tomorrow afternoon.现在进行时现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作Im doing.He/She/It is doing.W

4、e/You/They are doing.now1.She is watering the flowers.2.Are they working now?3.They are listening to the teacher.过去进行时过去某一时刻或某一段正在进行的动作I/He/She/It was doing.We/You/They were doing.this time yesterdayat ten oclock yesterdayat that timewhen he came back1.We were reading in class this time yesterday2.I

5、 was drawing a picture when the teachercame in.现在完成时1.过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态He/She/It has done.We/You/They have done.alreadyjustbeforeneverfor three yearssince 1990this morningthese days1.Ive already posted the letter.2.We have known each other for ten years.3.They lived her

6、e since 1997.4.Have you ever been to Beijing?过去完成时过去某一时间前已经发后的动作或状态I/We/You/He/She/It had done.by the end ofwhen+一般过去时before+一般过去时1.I had learned 2000 words by the end of lastterm.2.When I got out,the bus had already left.现在完成进行时现在以前的一段时间里一直进行的动作,这个运作可能仍在进行,也可能继续进行下去I/We/You/They have been doing.He/

7、She/It has been doing.since nine oclockfor five hours1.I have been skating for five hours.2.She has been skating since nine oclock.英语时态专项练习1、一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般现在时基本用法介绍一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点

8、起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成:肯定句：1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语）2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它第三人称单数+动词-s+其它如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。三、一般现在时的变化否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。2)其他主语+do not(dont)动词原形

9、+其它I dont like bread第三人称单数+does not(doesnt)动词原形+其它He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？注意：遇I/weyou, myyour, someany.Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.Do you often play football

10、?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?How does your father go to work?2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的结构：.肯定句： 主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating

11、.否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?3.动词加ing的变化规则1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swimswimming3、一般过去时态一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now,

12、 yesterday, last”等。1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化肯定句（Positive）动词过去式I went shopping last night

13、.否定句(Negative)didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did + 动词原形?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+ 动词原形?What did you do last night?4.动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop

14、 stoppedplan - planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwrit

15、ewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew5.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?4、一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year

16、),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本结构：主语+be (is,am,are)going to +动词原形.主语+will+ 动词原形.2.否定句：主语+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.主语+will +not(wont)+ 动词原形.例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+?Will+主语+动词原形+?例

17、：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?Yes,we are.No, we arent.Will he go to Beijing next week?Yes,he will.No,he wont.4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1). 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2). 问干什么。What do.例如： My fat

18、her is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3). 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?5同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.5.过去进行时：肯定句：主语+助动词be (

19、was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它?用法:1、 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday

20、evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师进来时，他们在讲话。2、 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning. 她整个上午在看电视。3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。例：H

21、e said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。4、 用过去进行时描写故事背景。例：It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on. 队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。6.现在完成时构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+

22、not(havent,hasnt)+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？用法：1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。2现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.3.现在

23、完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/atopen - be opendie - be deadclose - be closedbecome -beborrow - keepput on - wearbuy - haveleave - be away (from)begin / start - be onfall asleep - be asleepend/finish - be overcatch a cold - ha

24、ve a coldjoin the army - be in the army,be a soldierjoin the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4

25、.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。例：This is my first time

26、that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.

27、他去过了上海。7.现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。常与表示一段时间的状语，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等连用。构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+been+动词现在分词-ing否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have(has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?例：It has been raining fo

28、r three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours. 他已经在那坐了两个小时了。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们常见面。He has been telephoning me several times in two days. 这两天他打好几次电话给我。注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。8.过去完成时构成：肯定句：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它否定句：主语+助动词had +not(hadnt)+动词过去分词-ed+其它一般疑问句;Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？特殊疑问句：疑问词+had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？例：There had been 25 parks