1、英语长难句分析三英语长难句分析(三)InBritain,forexample,manyofourbest-lovedfarmlandbirds,suchastheskylark,thegreypartridge,thelapwingandthecornbunting,havevanishedfromhugestrechesofcountryside,ashaveevenmorewildflowersandinsects.【译文】例如,在英国,许多我们最喜爱的农田鸟类,如云雀、灰鹧鸪、翻天燕和玉米鹀,已经从乡村的大片土地上消失了,还有更多的野花和昆虫也消失了【解析】主句:manyofourbes
2、t-lovedfarmlandbirdshavevanished其中suchastheskylark,thegreypartridge,thelapwingandthecornbunting插入表说明,其中的逗号等于顿号表并列。as引导非限制性定语从句,用了倒装结构。as在这句话中等于andso.词汇:comprise英/kmpraz/美/kmpraz/vt.包含;由组成同近义词:vt.:包含;由组成involve、containAccountsofwhathappenedtotheshipvary:whilewitnessesagreethatshewasnothitbytheFrench,
3、somemaintainthatshewasoutdated,overladenandsailingtoolowinthewater,othersthatshewasmishandledbyundisciplinedcrew.【译文】关于这艘船的遭遇众说纷纭:尽管目击者一致认为这艘船没有被法国人击中,但一些人坚持认为这艘船过时了,超载了,在水中航行过低,其他人则认为这艘船是被无纪律的船员不当驾驶的【解析】本句子分两部分,冒号前是AofB结构,of后面是what引导的宾语从句,accountsvary是主干。冒号后,while引导让步状语从句,主句是somemaintainthat.others
4、that,注意others后省略了maintain。词汇:witness英/wtns/美/wtns/n.证人;目击者;证据vt.目击;证明;为作证vi.作证人同根词:n.:法证人;目击者;证据proof、testevt.:目击;证明;为作证demonstrate、prove、argueTheWheelcouldnotbeconstructedtoelevateboatsoverthefull35-metredifferencebetweenthetwocannalsowingtothepresenceofthehistoricallyimportantAntonineWall,whichwas
5、builtbytheRomansinthesecondAD.【译文】由于历史上重要的安东尼城墙的存在,轮子无法使船在两门大炮之间整整35米的高度上移动。安东尼城墙是罗马人在公元2世纪建造的。【解析】主句主干:TheWheelcouldnotbeconstructedto.owingto.引导原因状语从句,句尾which引导非限制性定从句。词汇:inspire英/nspa(r)/美/nspar/vt.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感同根词:词根:inspireadj.:inspired有灵感的;官方授意的inspiring鼓舞人心的;灌输的;启发灵感的n:spiration灵感;鼓舞;吸气;妙计
6、inspirer鼓舞人心;启发灵感v.:inspired激发(inspire的过去分词);鼓舞inspiring鼓舞;激发;使感悟(inspire的ing形式)Themainreasonwhygeo-engineeringissupportedbymanyinthescientificcommunityisthatmostresearchershavelittlefaithintheabilityofpoliticianstoagreeandthenbringinthenecessarycarboncuts.【译文】地球工程得到科学界许多人支持的主要原因是,大多数研究人员对政界人士同意并实施必
7、要的碳减排的能力缺乏信心。【解析】主句主干:themainreasonisthat.reason后有why引导的定语从句修饰reason;that.引导表语从句做is的表语。双破折中是插入语。词汇:metabolic英/metblk/美/metblk/adj.变化的;新陈代谢的同根词:词根:metabolicn: metabolism生理新陈代谢metabolite生化代谢物vi: metabolize新陈代谢 metabolise新陈代谢vt. metabolize使新陈代谢;使变形metabolise使新陈代谢(等于metabolize)Ifsuccessfullyimplemented,
8、propentsclaim,verticalfarmsofferthepromiseofurbanrenewal,sustainableprodutionofasafeandvariedfoodsupply(throughyear-roundproductionofallcrops),andtheeventualrepairofecosystemsthathavebeensacrificedforhorizonfarming.【参考译文】支持者们称,如果成功实施,垂直农场将有望实现城市更新、可持续生产安全和多样化的食物(通过全年种植所有作物),并最终修复因水平农业而牺牲的生态系统。【句子解析】
9、句主干:verticalfarmsofferthepromiseofurbanrenewal,sustainableprodutionofasafeandvariedfoodsupply(throughyear-roundproductionofallcrops),andtheeventualrepairofecosystems其中主语是verticalfarms,谓语是offer,宾语是三个AofB结构。分别是promiseof.productionof.repairof.propentsclaim是插入语,ecosystem后有that引导的后置定语从句。词汇:proponent英/prp
10、nnt/美/prponnt/n.:支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者同根词:n.:proposal提议,建议;求婚vi.:propose建议;求婚;打算vt.:propose建议;打算,计划;求婚Generatingenoughlightcouldbeprhibitivelyexpensive,unlesscheap,renewableenergyisavailable,andthisappearstoberatheraspirationthanalikelihoodforthenearfuture.【参考译文】除非有廉价的可再生能源,否则产生足够的光可能会非常昂贵,而这似乎只是一种愿望,而不是在
11、不久的将来成为可能性。【句子解析】句子主干:Generatingenoughlightcouldbeprhibitivelyexpensive;主语是generatingenoughlight.unless.引导状语从句。其中有rather.than.不是.而是.短语。词汇:prohibit英/prhbt/美/prhbt,prohbt/vt.阻止,禁止同根词:词根:prohibitadj:prohibitive禁止的,禁止性的;抑制的;(费用,价格等)过高的;类同禁止的adv:prohibitively禁止地;过高地;过分地n.:prohibition禁止;禁令;禁酒;诉讼中止令prohibi
12、tionist禁酒主义者Butthehumancanglimpsarapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceabigcrowd.译文:但人类可以瞥见一个快速变化的场景,然后立即忽略98%的不相关部分,立即聚焦在一条蜿蜒森林道路旁的一只猴子身上,或者在一大群人中间一张可疑的脸上。解析:主干:humancanglimpsch
13、angingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthat引导定语从句thatisirrelevantfocusing引导结果状语,现在分词做结果状语:instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceabigcrowd.词汇:seam英/sim/美/sim/n:缝;接缝vt:缝合;接合;使留下伤痕vi:裂开;产生裂缝同近义词:n.:缝;接缝joining、juncturevt.:缝合;接合;使留下伤痕cement、piecej
14、ointvi.:裂开;产生裂缝gap、springoff同根词:词根:seamadj:seamless无缝的;无缝合线的;无伤痕的seamy丑恶的;露出线缝的seamed有缝的;有皱纹的v:seamed缝合;接合;使产生皱纹/伤痕;产生裂缝(原形seam)WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale
15、.译文:二战结束后,美国刚刚进入这样一个繁荣时期,它拥有比任何竞争对手都大8倍的市场,使其各行业具有无与伦比的经济规模。解析:句子主干:ithadamarket时间状语从句:WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiod时间状语:aftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar定语:eighttimeslargerthananycompetitor现在分词做结果状语:givingitsindustriesunparallleledeconomiesofscale.词汇:competitor英/kmpett(r)/美/kmpettr/
16、n.竞争者,对手同根词:词根:competeadj:competitive竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的competitory竞争的(等于competitive)adv:competitively有竞争力地;好竞争地n:competition竞争;比赛,竞赛 competitiveness竞争力,好竞争vi:compete竞争;比赛;对抗Internationalaffiliatesaccountsforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.译文:在那些开放和欢迎外国投资的经
17、济体中,国际子公司在生产中占了一个快速增长的部分。解析:本句主干就是主谓宾结构:Internationalaffiliatesaccountsforafast-growingsegmentthat引导定语从句:thatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment修饰economies.其中open、welcome定语从句中的并列谓语词汇:affiliate英/fliet/美/fliet/v:(使)附属,隶属;加入,加盟,并入;接纳;紧密联系n.分支机构;子公司;分社;联号同近义词:n:联号;隶属的机构等associatedcompanyvt:使附属;接纳;使紧密联系 re
18、ceive、takeonsbvi:参加,加入;发生联系 participatein、takepartin、gothroughTheproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.译文:该提议是,它应该与现有的文化之城称号并存,该称号于2017年由赫尔市获得,并于2021年授予考文垂解析:that引导表语从句which引导定语从句,定语从句中有两个谓语washeld.andhasbeenawarded
19、.词汇:ecstatic英/ksttk/美/ksttk/adj.狂喜的;入迷的n.狂喜的人同根词:adv:ecstatically心醉神迷地;狂喜地SomemightseetheproposalasabodyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.译文:有些人可能会把这一提议视为一个安慰奖,因为英国不再有资格去申
20、请更有声望的“欧洲文化之都”这一称号。1990年格拉斯哥和2008年利物浦分别获得了“欧洲文化之都”这个称号。解析:主句主干:Somemightseetheproposalasabodyprizeforthefactthat引导fact的同位语从句。asough-after是Europeancapitalofculture的同位语。baggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008是后置定语修饰asough-afteraward。词汇:cynic英/snk/美/snk/n:愤世嫉俗者;悲观者;怀疑者adj:犬儒学派的;愤世嫉俗的同根词:词根:cynicadj:cyn
21、ical愤世嫉俗的;冷嘲的n:cynicism玩世不恭,愤世嫉俗;犬儒主义;冷嘲热讽LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetinga
22、dvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa“GAFAtax,”meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.36.TheFrenc
23、hSenatehaspassedabillto_Aregulatedigitalservicesplatforms.监管数字服务平台。BprotectFrenchcompanies'interests.保护法国公司的利益。Cimposealevyontechmultinationals.对科技跨国公司征税。Dcurbtheinfluenceofadvertising.抑制广告的影响。Thetowerswillstickoutofthewaterandbelit,towarnshipping,andalsobedesignedtobeliftedoutofthewaterformain
24、tenanceandtocleanseaweedfromtheblades.【难句剖析】主句:thetowerswillstickoutofthewaterandbelit。不定式:towarnshipping做插入语,补充说明机塔被点亮的目的。.andalsobedesignedtobeliftedoutofthewater与前面的.willstickoutofwater为同意替换,用来强调这个动作产生的结果:.formaintenanceandtocleanseaweedfromtheblades.【译文】这些机塔将会露出水面并且被点亮,用来警告过往船只,同时被设计成露出水面方便维护以及清除叶片中的海藻。
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