1、Practical English Writing LettersLecture Six Practical English Writing -LettersTeaching objectives Students will learn the basic information on:1. the structure of envelope;2. the structure of letters;3. the format of letters;4. types and features of different kinds of letters.Time allotmentPeriodTe
2、aching Contents1stBrief Introduction2ndExercises and Explanation Teaching ContentsI. 信封的写法 (The Structure of Envelope)在信封地址格式上,英语和汉语采用截然不同的方式,英语信封的惯例是收信人地址写在信封中间,具体写法是:第一行:对收信人的称谓及其名和姓;第二行寓所的房间号码、门牌号、所在街道名;第三行:城镇名、城市名、省名或州名及邮编;第四行:国名寄信人地址写在信封的左上角,和收信人地址的写法相似。信封多采用并列式(齐头式)。Sample:Henry Johnson stamp1
3、458 G Orchard PlaceUrbana IL4528United States of America Mr. Peter Stone 589 Green Street Greenfield, London U. K.有时,也可把寄信人地址写在信封的背面,即信封盖上。托人转交的信则写上C/O,意思是in care of,放在收信人下一行及转交人姓名之前。Sample:Song Ping stamp453 Henan RoadShanghaiPeoples Republic of China Mr. F. G. Richard C/O Mrs. Lauren Scott 588 Bro
4、ad Avenue Los Angeles, CA58924 U.S.A.II. 书信的结构 (The Structure of Letters)(1)信头(Heading) 信头指的是写信人的单位名称和地址,位于第一页信纸的右上角,以便于收信人联系。写地址名称的次序是由小到大。地址最后一行写日期,月份要用英文写,不要用数字代替,可采用标准的缩写式,如Aug., Oct.,日期可用基数词1,2,3或序数词1st,2nd, 3rd;年份要写全,如2011。日期的英国写法是日月年,如:22 Sep.,2011;美国写法是月日年,如:Sep.22,2011。如果所用信纸已印有公司的名称和地址电话等信
5、息,只要写上日期就可以了。(2)信内地址(Inside Address)信内地址指的是收信人的名称和地址,位于第一张信纸的左上角,低于写信日期,和新风尚收信人姓名和地址的写法完全一样。事务信件一般需要些信内地址,写私人信件时则不需要。(3)称呼(Salutation)称呼是对收信人的尊称语,从左边顶格写起,在收信人姓名地址下面空两行处,自成一行,开头词的第一个字母要大写,称呼末尾的标点英国人用“,”,美国人多用“:”,通常在收信人姓名前加上Dear。(4)正文(Body)正文是书信的主体部分。一般书信正文应低于称呼一、二行处开始落笔。正文要求简明扼要、条理清楚,每段不宜太长。要做到语言简洁,避
6、繁就简。例如:繁:In your letter dated the 30th of last month you inquired about our experience with Mr. Ford. We are happy to tell you about his work for us. Mr. Ford was a loyal and faithful worker during the two years he kept books for us.简:Mr. Ford, about whom you inquired on July 30th, was a loyal and f
7、aithful bookkeeper here for two years.繁:There are several causes of malnutrition, one of which is vitamin deficiency.简:Vitamin deficiency is one cause of malnutrition.(5)结束语(Complimentary Close)在信的正文结束后,应当有直径的客套语和谦称,相当于汉语书信中的“敬上”、“此致、敬礼”等,位于正文下两三行处。常用结束语如下:无论熟悉与否最常用:Sincerely, Yours sincerely, Most
8、sincerely yours真诚的Truly, Yours truly, Yours very truly忠实的Respectfully yours, Very respectfully yours您恭敬的写给长者、领导:Appreciatively yours 您恭敬的,敬上,谨上给熟人和一般同事:Cordially yours 您真挚的Your friend您的朋友Fondly亲爱的As ever您永远的给亲属亲友:Your ever您永远的Love or lovingly亲爱的With love爱你的Affectionately亲爱的All my love爱你的Your loving
9、daughter/nephew您的爱女/侄子(6)署名(Signature)署名主要是让收信人相信信件是真实的,如果信件是写给不太熟悉的人,签名下面应该用正楷或打字的形式再次写出姓名,以便识别。如果是事务信件,写信人在签名之后,还须写明自己的职称或头衔。如:Yours sincerely,Jerry TreatProfessor of English(7)附件(Enclosure,缩写为Encl.)如果信的正文谈到有附件要寄,则在信纸的左下角注明,以便收信人查阅。如:Encl.: My resumeEncl.: Doctors certificate(8)附言(Postscript, 缩写为P
10、.S.)在信的本文写完之后,又有新情况通知收信人,可以在信的左下方低于签字1-2行处写上P.S.,然后补述。如:P.S.:Kindly send me your recent photo.Sample 1: 89 Fairview Drive Westbourne, BN56,9BU England, Nov. 25, 2011Mrs. Edward Stevenson528 Madison AvenueNew York, NY20098U.S.A.Dear Madam:-. Cordially, Larry DukunEncl.: List of PublicationsP.S.:If yo
11、u happen to find History of Western Civilization, please tell me which bookstore sells it. Sample 2:Centre for English Language Studies (CELS)The University of BirminghamBriminghan B15 2TTUnited KingdomNov. 11,2011Prof. Wang PengEnglish DepartmentForeign Language StudiesHarbin Institute of Technolog
12、y92 Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001P.R. of ChinaDear Professor Wang Peng:-Sincerely yours, Joan LincolnHeadingDatelineInside AddressSalutationBodyComplimentarySignatureIII. 书信的格式(The Format of Letters)信函有四种常用格式:齐头式(Block Format): 每一行都从左边对齐,打字方便。变体齐头式(Modified Block Format): 把写信的日期、结尾的客套语和签名都放在右边。标题放到中间的
13、位置。美国常用格式。折中式(Semi-Block Format): 与变体齐头式不同的是,折中式信中正文每段第一行缩进数格。美国常用格式。锯齿式(Indented Format): 与折中式相似,只是信内地址要采用缩进式。英国格式,打字较麻烦。格式示范:1. Block Format-2. Modified Block Format-3. Semi-Block Format-4. Indented Format-IV. 书信的种类和特点(Types and Features)信函可以分最基本的两种类型,即公务信函和私人信函。前者为正式信函,后者为非正式信函。非正式信函与正式信函的区别在于:(1)信头通常只写日期,信内地址可略。(2)称呼语和结束语及正文开头语都与正式信函不同;如称呼语后一般加逗号。(3)语气亲切灵活,缩略语和非书面语使用不限。V. 实用书信范例(Models of Practical Letters)邀请信(Letters of Invitation)邀请信是为邀请对方参加某次活动而写的信件。信函的主要内容是说明邀请的原因、活动时间和地点以及来访安排等。Sample:
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