小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳.docx

1、小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳一般现在时 一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯

2、定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？如： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句：主语

3、+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式）(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays cli

4、mbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every现在进行时一意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句：

5、主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他？What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成：（1）一般在动词末尾直接加ing,（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 s

6、kate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四.时间标志now，句前的look ,listen一般过去时 一意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.二构成及

7、变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句：Did + 主

8、语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志：yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来

9、经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am

10、 not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表

11、位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2.will /shall +动词原形（在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+

12、主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to

13、my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 名词变复数规则与发音名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加s或es. 现将构成规则与读音规则列表如下: 构成方法 读音 例词在词尾加-s1.在清辅音后读作 s 2. 在浊辅音后读作 z 1. deskdesks s 2. mapmaps s 3.

14、field filelds dz dogdogs z seaseas z 1. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es2. 如词尾是e,只加-s-（e）s读作 iz 1. classclasses iz box boxes iz dishdishes iz watchwatches iz 2. horsehorses iz 如词尾为 f或 fe ,则一般变为 ves-ves 读作 vz 1. leafleaves vz 2. knifeknives vz 以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为 i再加-es-ies读作 iz familyfamilies iz 以元音+y结尾的名词，加-s-s读作 z

15、 boyboys z 以辅音+o结尾的名词，加-es-es读作 z heroheroes z potatopotatoes z tomatotomatoes z 以元音+o结尾的名词，加-s-s读作 z radioradios z zoozoos z 以-th结尾的名词，加-s1. 在长元音后，-ths读作 z 2. 在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作 s 1. bathbaths z 2. monthmonths s 英语里有一些名词的复数形式不是以词尾-s或-es构成，它们的构成方法主要如下表：构成方法例词变内部元音foot u feeti: man men e mouse au mice a

16、i woman women e 词尾加-enoxoxen(公牛)child ai children i 形式不变（通形名词-单、复数同形）deerdeerfishfishsheepsheep集合名词（只有复数，没有单数。）trousers people （人，人民）glasses （眼镜）名词做定语1. 只在后面名词加复数2. man, woman随之后面的名词而变化，后单其单，后复其复。3. sport作定语永远用作复数。1. apple treeapple trees2. man doctormen doctors3. sports shop sports shoes表示国籍的名词（中日不

17、变，英法变，其余词后加s）ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericans六上英语语法要点及习题一、一般现在时一般现在时的构成1、be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2、行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。3、当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it，xxx或 my/your mother/father/sister/brother/)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。

18、如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词-s或-es的变化规则1、一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, walk-walks2、以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾的单词，加-es。如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es。如：study-studies第三人称一般现在时态的一般疑问句，把助动词does提前，并把后面的动词变为原形。回答时只有两种：Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnt.如：Does yo

19、ur grandpa drink the tea every day?第三人称一般现在时态的否定句，把助动词does提出，并把其改成doesnt。后面的动词为原形如：My mother doesnt clean the bedroom every day.一般现在时用法专练，用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5.

20、_ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same

21、 hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 20.What day _(be) it today?18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang

22、 _(have) eight lessons this term.20、Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.21、What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为: be+动词ing.动词加ing的变化规则：1一般情况下，

23、直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, ride-riding3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,且是重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping，swim-swimming用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1、The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2、Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3、My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow.4、What _ you _

24、 ( do ) now?5、Look，They _( have) an English lesson .6、They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7、Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8、What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9.、Its5oclock now. We _(have)supper now10、_Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打

25、算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do.用所给词的适当形式填空。1、Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2、My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.3、Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.4、David _ (give

26、) a puppet show next Monday.“there is , there are”1. I _a good father and a good mother.2. _a telescope on the desk.3. He _a tape-recorder.4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She _some dresses.6. They _a nice garden.7. What do you_?8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_?10. _any boo

27、ks in the bookcase?11. My father _a story-book.12. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students _in the classroom?15. My parents _some nice pictures.16. _some maps on the wall.17. _a map of the world on the wall.18. David _a telescope.19. Davids friends _some tents.20. _many children on the hill.1. 写出下列各词的复数I _him _