英语动词时态表.docx

1、英语动词时态表英语动词时态表一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间

2、里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概

3、念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were

4、放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),e

5、tc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句

6、首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/shou动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状

7、语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I

8、dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the ball in the glass.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I turn on the machine and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后一句用现在进行时。二、一般过去时的用法1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状

9、态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3句型：注意区分：It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了I

10、t is time (that)sb. did sth. 时间已迟了；早该了e.g.It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事(注意此处would rather 后接的是从句)Id rather you came tomorrow.4wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时

11、表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was a good English learner.(含义：她以前是个好的英语学习者)Christine has been a good English learner.(含义：她现在是个好的英语学习者)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。（1）动词want,

12、hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.（2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?三、一般将来时1shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at seven this evening?2be going to +v.，表示将来。（1

13、）主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?（2）计划、安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.（3）有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3be +to+v.表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4be about to +v.，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.

14、注意：（1）be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week，几点钟等表示明确的时间状语连用。例：Tim is about to visit his mother-in-law tomorrow. 该句就是错误的。但我们可以这么讲：Tim is about to visit his mother-in-law when his wife comes back.（2）be going to / will的区别：用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get re

15、ady for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.（3）be to和be going to的区别：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)（4）一

16、般现在时表将来下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus stars? It stars in ten minutes.倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.在时间或条件句中。When Bill come

17、s (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.（5）用现在进行时表示将来常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。Im leaving tomor

18、row.Are you staying here till next week?四、现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单地讲现在完成时就是表示：“结果、影响和持续”。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。一般过去时与现在完成时的比较1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时常用的时间状语

19、：yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语或副词：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, wo

20、rk, study, know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例：I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)Who hasnt handed in his paper? (强调有卷子，但没有交卷的结果。)She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来

21、了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)I have finished my homework now.Will somebody go and get Dr. White?Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时间的名词或副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去

22、时。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (错)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (对)用于现在完成时的句型1It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成

23、时.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题1Do you know our town at all?No, this is the first time I _ here.AwasBhave beenCcame Dam coming答案：B。This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。2Have you _ been to our town before?No

24、, its the first time I _ here.Aeven, comeBeven, have comeCever, comeDever, have come答案：D。ever意为“曾经或无论何时”，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。注意：1非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter fo

25、r a month.(对)I havent received his letter for almost a month.2比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked here for many years

26、.(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。（1）Tom has studied Russian for three years. (对)=Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.（2）Harry has got married for six years.(错)=Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting marrie

27、d now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.3since的四种用法（1）since过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.（2）since一段时间agoI have been here since five months ago.（3）since从句Great changes have taken place since you le

28、ft.（4）It is 一段时间since从句It is two years since I became a college student.五、过去完成时1概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是“had +过去分词”。我们用时间轴表示如下：2用法（1）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.（2）状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the thieves had r

29、un away.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.（4）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.典型例题The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a

30、 book she _ in the office.Ahad written, leftBwere writing, has leftChad written, had leftDwere writing, had left答案：D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意：在下面结构中：had hardly when/ scarcelywhen (还没等就), had no sooner than(刚就)我们在主句中(hardly/scarcely/no sooner 这部分)使用过去完成时，从句中使用一般过去时：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.用一般过去时代替完成时的情况：1两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news