高层建筑纤维混凝土外文文献翻译.docx

1、高层建筑纤维混凝土外文文献翻译文献信息文献标题：Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) for High Rise Construction: Case Studies（纤维混凝土（FRC）在高层建筑中的应用：案例研究）文献作者及出处：Koorosh G,Rhea C.Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) for High Rise Construction: Case StudiesJ.IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,2017,272(1):012034.字数统

2、计：英文2154单词，12433字符；中文3849汉字外文文献Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) for High Rise Construction: Case StudiesAbstract Due to its material element, Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) could be stronger than traditional Concrete. This is due to FRC internal material compounds and elements. Furthermore, FRC can

3、also significantly improve flexural strength when compared to traditional Concrete. This improvement in flexural strength can be varied depending on the actual fibers used. Although not new, FRC is gradually gaining popularity in the construction industry, in particular for high rise structures. Thi

4、s is due to its flexural strength, especially for high seismic zones, as it will provide a better solution then reinforced Concrete. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the structural importance of FRC for the high rise construction. Although there has been numerous studies and literature i

5、n justifying the FRC for general construction; this paper will consider its use specifically for high rise construction. Moreover, this paper will closely investigate eight case studies from Australian and United States as a part of the FRC validation for high rise construction. In doing so, this pa

6、per will examine their Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) to determine their overall structural performance.1.IntroductionGenerally, composite materials are made up of individual constituents, including matrix and reinforcement. Conversely, the matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcemen

7、t materials by maintaining their relative positions; and the reinforcements pass on their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties. While the composite could be formed into various shapes, the matrix can be introduced to the reinforcement, before or after the reinf

8、orcement material has commenced being manufactured.Many commercially produced composites use polymer matrix material, often called a resin solution, as their matrix. There are many different polymers available, depending on the starting raw ingredients. The reinforcement materials are often fibers,

9、but can also be commonly ground minerals. Figure 1 below shows fiber elements and the finished product.In construction and building structures, fiber reinforced modules are utilized as composite materials. Fiber reinforced materials are unconventional materials, which utilize substances such as Fibe

10、r as bonding agents. With every increase in material waste, the utilization of such bonding agents can also further reduce the impact of recycling requirements. More importantly, such innovative materials, can withstand the required loads (stress and strain) as per more conventional methods of mater

11、ial engineering.Figure 1.From raw fiber to finished materialFRC is an example of such innovative material engineering. Although this material has been used in general construction for some time, its use for high rise construction is gradually increasing. In the past, the reason for the reluctant use

12、 of FRC for high rise construction was due to industrys lack of trust with its functionality. As per norm, material functionality is the most important factor to consider when a selection is being carried out. One of the most significant facets of material functionality is its ability to fit the pur

13、pose which it is required to do. As per traditional Reinforced Concrete (RC), such materials are utilized as load bearing components of the structures. With the development of the FRC, it is believed that this material cannot match the functionality of the RC. However, many studies have been conduct

14、ed to support the opposite to this view. Furthermore, where low load bearing materials are required, FRC can easily be employed.The intriguing aspect of FRC is the actual type of fiber which is being used as there are many fibers to select from, such as Polymer, Steel, Glass and even Natural fibers

15、(vegetable origin). Figures 2a and 2b below illustrate Steel and Glass fibers.Figure 2a. Steel Fiber Figure 2b. Glass FiberMoreover, another important aspect of FRC is its composition progression, including the interface and bonding processes, both of which are discussed further in the following sec

16、tion.2.FRC Composition ProgressionAs already discussed, Fiber Reinforced materials are unconventional materials, which utilize substances such as Fiber as bonding agents. The properties of the Fiber-Concrete interface have a critical effect on the properties of FRC. Also as previously conversed, a k

17、ey aspect of FRC is its composition progression, including its interface and bonding processes. While the bonding process includes the actual bond strength, the interface comprises of the actual cross point between quantities of fiber and concrete. Table 1 (below) further depicts these two key proce

18、sses.TABLE 1.Interface and Bonding process of FRCProcessesActionsEffectInterfaceFibers such as steel create specific zones and boundaries where the actual interface is being createdGradual mixing occurs: for example for glass Fiber it takes up to 28 daysBondingThe joining action will take place and

19、its curing time depends on the Fiber type and the environmentThree types of bonding process can occur: elastic, frictional and mechanicalAs it can be observed, both processes are complex and subjective to many factors. More importantly, the bonding process can be achieved via three different process

20、es:Elastic, that is the Fiber sticking to the matrix.Frictional, which is creating friction and also providing resistance to pull out force. Frictional bonding controls the significant element of FRC stress-strain behavior, and highlights the cracking value and its subsequent performance.Mechanical,

21、 which ensures the fibers and their composition correctly interlock with the matrix. Of the three boding process, mechanical is the most complex and complicated procedure. As Gharehbaghi (2015) correctly argued, crimping the fibers to provide the mechanical bonding can effectively increase the avera

22、ge bond stress value by an approximate factor of four.Although there are many literatures discussing which method of bonding is more effective, as a general rule, the performance of the bonding is rather dependent on the actual fiber type, for example, steel, glass and so on. Although the bonding pr

23、ocess is a considerable issue to contemplate, ultimately it is the fiber type which could determine the structural performance of the FRC. Determination of the structural performance is a vital issue to contemplate when considering the use of FRC for high rise construction.3.FRC For High RiseAs outl

24、ined earlier, there is much literature regarding the use of the FRC for general construction. However, this paper highlights the importance of FRC specifically for high rise Construction. Figures 3a and 3b below exemplify the assembly and erection of FRC for high rise construction.Figure 3a. Retaini

25、ng walls (for high rise) made from FRC Figure 3b. Assembly of FRC panelsWhile figure 3a illustrates retaining walls made from FRC together with connection bars as additional support; figure 3b demonstrates the assembly of FRC panels for high rise construction. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), whi

26、ch refers to the process of implementing a damage detection and characterization strategy for buildings, is a key tool in determining the structural performance of the FRC for high rise construction.4.Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)In determining damage detection and monitoring of structures impo

27、rtant techniques such as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) are utilized. The SHM technique ensures that effective monitoring of structures is carried out due to long-term movement and degradation of their materials. Commonly, the main causes of deterioration in structures such as buildings include

28、wear and tear together with additional movements. For buildings in-particular the main deterioration includes cracking due to significant structural loads consisting of Imposed and Seismic loads, together with the Environmental loads (including Temperature changes, and so-on). Moreover, a period of

29、dramatic environmental changes, such as increased Seismic activities, could further complicate the SHM process and analyses; and also reduce the Buildings structural performance.As Gharehbaghi (2017) correctly claimed, the traditional damage detection strategies consist of visual inspection and loca

30、lized non-destructive evaluation techniques, such as vibration and impact tests. Moreover, the utilization of Youngs modulus can further assist with determining any structural deterioration and damage. An important aspect for FRC for high rise construction is to be sure that it maintains adequate st

31、ructural integrity. Correspondingly, using SHM to be sure that FRC adequately meets the structural integrity is an important damage detection and monitoring consideration. In addition, SHM improves the functionality of building together with timely warning of impending failures, and thus will provid

32、e appropriate and cost-effective maintenance regimes. To further examine the importance of the FRC for high rise construction, a case study of eight buildings from Australian and United States was conducted.5.Case StudiesTo systematically examine FRC for high rise construction, a case study consisting of a variety of high rise buildings was carried out. The status of each structure and its fiber information was captured and is shown in table 2 below.TABLE 2. Comparison of Fiber for high riseStructureFiber TypeFiber Bonding ProcessFiber InsertionBuilding I(USA)SteelMech