高层建筑纤维混凝土外文文献翻译.docx

高层建筑纤维混凝土外文文献翻译.docx

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高层建筑纤维混凝土外文文献翻译

文献信息

文献标题：

FiberReinforcedConcrete（FRC）forHighRiseConstruction:

CaseStudies（纤维混凝土（FRC）在高层建筑中的应用：

案例研究）

文献作者及出处：

KooroshG,RheaC.FiberReinforcedConcrete（FRC）forHighRiseConstruction:

CaseStudies[J].IOPConferenceSeries:

MaterialsScienceandEngineering,2017,272

（1）:

012034.

字数统计：

英文2154单词，12433字符；中文3849汉字

外文文献　

FiberReinforcedConcrete（FRC）forHighRiseConstruction:

CaseStudies

AbstractDuetoitsmaterialelement,FiberReinforcedConcrete（FRC）couldbestrongerthantraditionalConcrete.ThisisduetoFRCinternalmaterialcompoundsandelements.Furthermore,FRCcanalsosignificantlyimproveflexuralstrengthwhencomparedtotraditionalConcrete.Thisimprovementinflexuralstrengthcanbevarieddependingontheactualfibersused.Althoughnotnew,FRCisgraduallygainingpopularityintheconstructionindustry,inparticularforhighrisestructures.Thisisduetoitsflexuralstrength,especiallyforhighseismiczones,asitwillprovideabettersolutionthenreinforcedConcrete.ThemainaimofthispaperistoinvestigatethestructuralimportanceofFRCforthehighriseconstruction.AlthoughtherehasbeennumerousstudiesandliteratureinjustifyingtheFRCforgeneralconstruction;thispaperwillconsideritsusespecificallyforhighriseconstruction.Moreover,thispaperwillcloselyinvestigateeightcasestudiesfromAustralianandUnitedStatesasapartoftheFRCvalidationforhighriseconstruction.Indoingso,thispaperwillexaminetheirStructuralHealthMonitoring（SHM）todeterminetheiroverallstructuralperformance.

1.Introduction

Generally,compositematerialsaremadeupofindividualconstituents,includingmatrixandreinforcement.Conversely,thematrixmaterialsurroundsandsupportsthereinforcementmaterialsbymaintainingtheirrelativepositions;andthereinforcementspassontheirspecialmechanicalandphysicalpropertiestoenhancethematrixproperties.Whilethecompositecouldbeformedintovariousshapes,thematrixcanbeintroducedtothereinforcement,beforeorafterthereinforcementmaterialhascommencedbeingmanufactured.

Manycommerciallyproducedcompositesusepolymermatrixmaterial,oftencalledaresinsolution,astheirmatrix.Therearemanydifferentpolymersavailable,dependingonthestartingrawingredients.Thereinforcementmaterialsareoftenfibers,butcanalsobecommonlygroundminerals.Figure1belowshowsfiberelementsandthefinishedproduct.Inconstructionandbuildingstructures,fiberreinforcedmodulesareutilizedascompositematerials.Fiberreinforcedmaterialsareunconventionalmaterials,whichutilizesubstancessuchasFiberasbondingagents.Witheveryincreaseinmaterialwaste,theutilizationofsuchbondingagentscanalsofurtherreducetheimpactofrecyclingrequirements.Moreimportantly,suchinnovativematerials,canwithstandtherequiredloads（stressandstrain）aspermoreconventionalmethodsofmaterialengineering.

Figure1.Fromrawfibertofinishedmaterial

FRCisanexampleofsuchinnovativematerialengineering.Althoughthismaterialhasbeenusedingeneralconstructionforsometime,itsuseforhighriseconstructionisgraduallyincreasing.Inthepast,thereasonforthereluctantuseofFRCforhighriseconstructionwasduetoindustry'slackoftrustwithitsfunctionality.Aspernorm,materialfunctionalityisthemostimportantfactortoconsiderwhenaselectionisbeingcarriedout.Oneofthemostsignificantfacetsofmaterialfunctionalityisitsabilitytofitthepurposewhichitisrequiredtodo.AspertraditionalReinforcedConcrete（RC）,suchmaterialsareutilizedasloadbearingcomponentsofthestructures.WiththedevelopmentoftheFRC,itisbelievedthatthismaterialcannotmatchthefunctionalityoftheRC.However,manystudieshavebeenconductedtosupporttheoppositetothisview.Furthermore,wherelowloadbearingmaterialsarerequired,FRCcaneasilybeemployed.

TheintriguingaspectofFRCistheactualtypeoffiberwhichisbeingusedastherearemanyfiberstoselectfrom,suchasPolymer,Steel,GlassandevenNaturalfibers（vegetableorigin）.Figures2aand2bbelowillustrateSteelandGlassfibers.

Figure2a.SteelFiberFigure2b.GlassFiber

Moreover,anotherimportantaspectofFRCisitscompositionprogression,includingtheinterfaceandbondingprocesses,bothofwhicharediscussedfurtherinthefollowingsection.

2.FRCCompositionProgression

Asalreadydiscussed,FiberReinforcedmaterialsareunconventionalmaterials,whichutilizesubstancessuchasFiberasbondingagents.ThepropertiesoftheFiber-ConcreteinterfacehaveacriticaleffectonthepropertiesofFRC.Alsoaspreviouslyconversed,akeyaspectofFRCisitscompositionprogression,includingitsinterfaceandbondingprocesses.Whilethebondingprocessincludestheactualbondstrength,theinterfacecomprisesoftheactualcrosspointbetweenquantitiesoffiberandconcrete.Table1（below）furtherdepictsthesetwokeyprocesses.

TABLE1.InterfaceandBondingprocessofFRC

Processes

Actions

Effect

Interface

Fiberssuchassteelcreatespecificzonesandboundarieswheretheactualinterfaceisbeingcreated

Gradualmixingoccurs:

forexampleforglassFiberittakesupto28days

Bonding

ThejoiningactionwilltakeplaceanditscuringtimedependsontheFibertypeandtheenvironment

Threetypesofbondingprocesscanoccur:

elastic,frictionalandmechanical

Asitcanbeobserved,bothprocessesarecomplexandsubjectivetomanyfactors.Moreimportantly,thebondingprocesscanbeachievedviathreedifferentprocesses:

•Elastic,thatistheFiberstickingtothematrix.

•Frictional,whichiscreatingfrictionandalsoprovidingresistancetopulloutforce.FrictionalbondingcontrolsthesignificantelementofFRCstress-strainbehavior,andhighlightsthecrackingvalueanditssubsequentperformance.

•Mechanical,whichensuresthefibersandtheircompositioncorrectlyinterlockwiththematrix.Ofthethreebodingprocess,mechanicalisthemostcomplexandcomplicatedprocedure.AsGharehbaghi（2015）correctlyargued,crimpingthefiberstoprovidethemechanicalbondingcaneffectivelyincreasetheaveragebondstressvaluebyanapproximate"factoroffour".

Althoughtherearemanyliteraturesdiscussingwhichmethodofbondingismoreeffective,asageneralrule,theperformanceofthebondingisratherdependentontheactualfibertype,forexample,steel,glassandsoon.Althoughthebondingprocessisaconsiderableissuetocontemplate,ultimatelyitisthefibertypewhichcoulddeterminethestructuralperformanceoftheFRC.DeterminationofthestructuralperformanceisavitalissuetocontemplatewhenconsideringtheuseofFRCforhighriseconstruction.

3.FRCForHighRise

Asoutlinedearlier,thereismuchliteratureregardingtheuseoftheFRCforgeneralconstruction.However,thispaperhighlightstheimportanceofFRCspecificallyforhighriseConstruction.Figures3aand3bbelowexemplifytheassemblyanderectionofFRCforhighriseconstruction.

Figure3a.Retainingwalls（forhighrise）madefromFRCFigure3b.AssemblyofFRCpanels

Whilefigure3aillustratesretainingwallsmadefromFRCtogetherwithconnectionbarsasadditionalsupport;figure3bdemonstratestheassemblyofFRCpanelsforhighriseconstruction.StructuralHealthMonitoring（SHM）,whichreferstotheprocessofimplementingadamagedetectionandcharacterizationstrategyforbuildings,isakeytoolindeterminingthestructuralperformanceoftheFRCforhighriseconstruction.

4.StructuralHealthMonitoring（SHM）

IndeterminingdamagedetectionandmonitoringofstructuresimportanttechniquessuchasStructuralHealthMonitoring（SHM）areutilized.TheSHMtechniqueensuresthateffectivemonitoringofstructuresiscarriedoutduetolong-termmovementanddegradationoftheirmaterials.Commonly,themaincausesofdeteriorationinstructuressuchasbuildingsincludewearandteartogetherwithadditionalmovements.Forbuildingsin-particularthemaindeteriorationincludescrackingduetosignificantstructuralloadsconsistingofImposedandSeismicloads,togetherwiththeEnvironmentalloads（includingTemperaturechanges,andso-on）.Moreover,aperiodofdramaticenvironmentalchanges,suchasincreasedSeismicactivities,couldfurthercomplicatetheSHMprocessandanalyses;andalsoreducetheBuilding'sstructuralperformance.

AsGharehbaghi（2017）correctlyclaimed,thetraditionaldamagedetectionstrategiesconsistofvisualinspectionandlocalizednon-destructiveevaluationtechniques,suchasvibrationandimpacttests.Moreover,theutilizationofYoung’smoduluscanfurtherassistwithdetermininganystructuraldeteriorationanddamage.AnimportantaspectforFRCforhighriseconstructionistobesurethatitmaintainsadequatestructuralintegrity.Correspondingly,usingSHMtobesurethatFRCadequatelymeetsthestructuralintegrityisanimportantdamagedetectionandmonitoringconsideration.Inaddition,SHMimprovesthefunctionalityofbuildingtogetherwithtimelywarningofimpendingfailures,andthuswillprovideappropriateandcost-effectivemaintenanceregimes.TofurtherexaminetheimportanceoftheFRCforhighriseconstruction,acasestudyofeightbuildingsfromAustralianandUnitedStateswasconducted.

5.CaseStudies

TosystematicallyexamineFRCforhighriseconstruction,acasestudyconsistingofavarietyofhighrisebuildingswascarriedout.Thestatusofeachstructureanditsfiberinformationwascapturedandisshownintable2below.

TABLE2.ComparisonofFiberforhighrise

Structure

FiberType

FiberBondingProcess

FiberInsertion

BuildingI（USA）

Steel

Mech