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1、Research on Competency Model:A Literature Review and Empirical StudiesAbstractWestern countries have applied competency models to addressing problems existed in their administrative and managerial systems since 1970s，and the findings is positine and promising. However, competency model hasnt been in

2、troduced to Chinauntil 1990s and it is still unknown and mysterious to many Chinese managers. This paper aims to uncover the mysterious veil of competency model in order to broaden the horizon of Chinese managers and boost Chinas human resource development as well as management.Keywords:Competency，C

3、ompetency Models，Empirical Studies of Competency ModelsIt has been more than 30 years since competency model was utilized to human resource management.In western countries，competency model first displayed its effectiveness in government administration, meanwhile many multinationals and their branch

4、companies applied the competency model to their daily business management and their business was a great success. As the notion of competency is gradually come to light and accepted by people all around the world，more and more enterprises have been trying to build their own competency model under th

5、e help ofprofessional consultant firms. As a result，competency model has gradually been a very fashionable phrase in the field of management and quite a few enterprises are thus benefited from it. In recent years, competency model has become a hot spot in the Chinese academia as well as big-，middle-

6、 and small-sized enterprises alike，many relevant writings and books have also been translated and published.However, competency and competency model are still mysterious to many Chinese scholars, business managers as well as government administrators.Purpose and Significance of the StudyThe purpose

7、of the study aims to make a critical literature review of the competency model，clarify some confusion related to it and explore its application.The following questions are employed to guide this study:What is competency? Whatis competency model? What are the theoretical and empirical findings relate

8、d to competency model?The study illustrates how we could take advantage of competency model in our harmonious society building. On one hand ，the study will delineate competency and competency model in order to clarify confusions related to it since it is still strange and mysterious to many Chinese

9、managers and administrators;on the other hand ，the12study would enrich Chinese HRD&HRM in the field of government administration and business management both theoretically and empirically.Research MethodThe present study has utilized qualitative analysis, induction and deduction. Since this research

10、 is a literature review in some sense, qualitative analysis will be an indispensable research method;Induction and deduction are applied to both theoretical and empirical studies.In order to enhance the credibility of present research，only the authoritative publications on competency model are revie

11、wed，including books and papers written by foreign and Chinese scholars and HRDHRM practitioners. By searching for the keywords competency competency model and competency model building as well as empirical studies on competency models，books and papers written by well-known foreign scholars such as M

12、cClelland D. C.，Lyle M. Spencer, AnntoinetteD. Lucia, Richard Lepsinger etc.，are available; by the same token，books and papers written by Chinese scholars such as Zhi-gong He，Jianfeng Peng, Shaohua Fang, Nengquan Wu，etc.，could be consulted. All the books and papers are published between 1950s and 20

13、07. In addition, many data cited in this paper comes from empirical studies at home and abroad.FindingsIn this part ， a literature review of competency is firstly carried out;then competency model as well as its evolution ， development and innovation is delineated;finally empirical studies are revie

14、wed. Empirical studies mainly focus on competency model building and its application to human resource development and management.Understanding CompetencyIn 1973，American scholar David C. McClelland published his paper Testing for Competency Rather Than Intelligence which cited a large amount of res

15、earch findings to illustratethe inappropriateness of assessing personnel qualities by abusing intelligence tests. Dr. McClelland further explained that some factors (personality, intelligence, value， etc.)which people had always taken for granted in determining work performance hadnt displayed their

16、 desired result. As a result ，he emphasized that people should ignore those theoretical by pothese and subjective judgements which had been proved groundless in reality.He declared that people should tap directly those factors and behaviors which could really impact their performance (McClelland, 1973). These factors and behaviors were named competency by McClelland.The publishing of this paper symbolized the