人教版八年级下册英语期末备考讲义专项训练重点短语辨析+比较级最高级专题+写作提升.docx

1、人教版八年级下册英语期末备考讲义专项训练重点短语辨析+比较级最高级专题+写作提升学员编号： 年 级：初二 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型T(重点短语辨析)C （比较级最高级专题） T （写作能力提升）授课日期及时段教学内容 1、引入(3分钟） What do you think of the green apple?二、同步知识梳理（15分钟）知识点1：高频动词短语辨析turn, put，send,make知识点2：以how开头的特殊疑问句知识点3：复合不定代词知识点1:辨析send/sendfrom/sendup/sendoff1.send off 寄出You

2、 fill in both parts of the form, then send it off. 2.sendup ( 1)发出；射出；呈递 (2) 把往上送，发射 (3) send up使上升，发射3.sendfrom 发送，传送To send data from one place and to receive the data at another place从一个地方发送数据，在另一个地方接收这个数据。4.Send for 派人去请。She is ill, please send for a docter.辨析:think about, think of, think over1.

3、think about 想，考虑 指考虑解决某一问题 Im thinkind about a problem. 我正在考虑一个问题。 Please think about how to tell her the news.2.Think of 关心，思考，想起，考虑 表示考虑可与think about 替换 He always think of others more than himself.3.think over 仔细考虑 You had better think it over before you do it.辨析put短语1.put down 记下，写下；镇压 2.put forw

4、ard 提出. 3.put in插话，4.put off推迟 5.put on 穿上 6.put out 伸出，熄灭7.put through 完成 8.put together 装配 9.put up 举起，张贴10.put up with 容忍Make 用法辨析：1.make sb+ n 是某人成为. We make him capital.2.make sb/sth+ adj 使某人感到.、使某物. They make me laugh.3.Make sb/sth +done 使某人/某物被. She spoke aloud to make herself heard.4.make sb

5、/sth to 使某人/某物做某事 被动语态to 还原 sd/ sth be made to do She made me wait for a long time.turn用法辨析：1.turn up出现；开大(音量)；到达，发生 2.turn against背叛 3.turn on旋开(电灯等)4.turn off关上(电灯等) 5.turn down开小(音量) 6.turn over翻转7.turn in交出；交 8.turn to找某人寻求帮助；翻到；转向 9.turn into变成10.turn out结果是关掉查明生产知识点2：以how开头的特殊疑问句1.Howlong“时间多久

6、或物体多长”.表. 回答是时间段,如“forthreedays”,“threeyears” “Howlongwereyouawaylastyear?” “Abouttwoweeks” 2.Howoften“多少时间一次或每隔多久” 回答是“Twiceayear”.“Threetimesaweek”. “HowoftendoyouwatchTV?” “Treetimesaweek.” 3.Howsoon“多久之后” 回答为:“in+时间段”e.g.“intwodays”“infiveyears” “Howsoonwillyoubeready?” “Illbereadyinfiveminutes”

7、 4Howfar表示“多远” Howfarisit? 知识点3：复合不定代词1. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是someone anyone no one somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。2.some+一般用于肯定句，any+一般用于否定句或疑问句，no+表示完全否定 * Did you meet anyone on your way home? (在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗？) * I am sure

8、someone will come to help us. (我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。) * I am a stranger. I know nobody here. (我是一个陌生人，我不认识这里的任何人。) 3. -one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。如： * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talki * No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose. (那时，没有一个人比Rose对我更好。)4. 为-t

9、hing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. . 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, Im sure. (important修饰somebody) * Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? (interesting修饰anything)5. all, every, each, other, another, either, ne

10、ither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个；各个”，还可以表示“一切”。如： * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. * Every time I ring you up, your mother answers it. * I shall do my best to help you in every way. (我将尽用一切办法帮助你。) every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即：everyone, eve

11、rything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人；大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事；一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如： * One cant have everything. * Everything goes well with me. * The town is so small that everybody knows everybody els注意：在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定

12、代词而every one是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句： * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)b. each的意思是“每个；各自的”，可以指人，也可以指物。如： * I leave hom

13、e at 7 a.m. each day. * On each floor there are about twenty classrooms. * Each of them has received a letter. 由于each和every的意思相近，都表示“每一个”，因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个，而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个；every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别；every只能作形容词放于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词.三、同步题型分析（10分钟）题型1：短语辨析例1. Many social wor

14、kers went to Yaan to help clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.A. put outB. come outC. work outD. give out【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词短语的辨析。put out扑灭；come out出版；work out算出；give out分发。例2. When he saw a wallet on the ground, he _at once.A. picked it up B. gave it up C. pick

15、ed up it【答案】A例3.The boy is sleeping. Please _the radio.A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on【答案】B测试题1. Its everyones duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign. Sure. We should try to _ all the food that weve ordered. A. give up B. eat up C. turn up D. show up答案】B【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。give up“放弃”，eat up“吃光”，tu

16、rn up “调大”，show up“出现”。根据句意“测试题2. What smells terrible?Sorry, Ill _ my shoes and wash them at once.A. put away B. take away C. move away D. get away【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。put away “收起来”，take away“拿走”move away“搬走”，get away “离开”。根据句意测试题3. Mum, where are my socks? Under your bed. You should _ your things.A

17、. put on B. put down C. put away【答案】C解析】选C。考查固定短语。各选项的意思为：put on穿上、戴上；put down放下；put away收拾、整理。又由于题型2：how+特殊疑问句例1.“_havetheystudiedEnglish?” “TheyhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.” A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howsoon answerA 例2.“_willheleavehere?” “Hewillleavehereinamonth” A.Howoften B.Howlong C

18、.Howsoon D.Howmanytimes answerC 例3.“_doeshewatchTV” “Onceaweek.” A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howoften D.Howmany answerC 例4.Idontknow_hewillgethere. A.howlong B.howsoon C.howoften D.howmany answerB 测试题1.“_doeshetakethismedicine?” “Twiceaday.” A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howoften answerD 测试题2.“_haveyoub

19、eenatthisfactory?” “Ihavebeenheresince1993.” A.When B.Howlong C.Howoften D.Whattime answerB 测试题3.“_canyoufinishthiswork?” A.Howoften B.Howsoon C.Howlong D.Howfar answerB 测试题4.“_willhestayhere?” A.Howmanytimes B.Howoften C.whattime D.Howlong answerD 题型3：复合不定代词例1. There is _ with my computer. I cant w

20、ork on. A. wrong anything B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong 例2.Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday？ _. I cleaned it all by myself. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. everyone例3There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some. AnoBanyCsome测试题1There isnt _ water

21、in the cup. AanyBmanyCsomeDthe测试题2The bottle is empty. There is _ in it. AanythingBsomethingCnothing测试题3.Everything_ready.Wecanstartnow. A.are B.is C.be D.were总结：1.辨析不同不定代词的用法2.根据语法和语境选择3.注意复合不定代词作主语，和反义疑问句的使用解题技巧：1.熟记词汇和短语辨析。2根据句义和语境直接作答。3熟记代词辨析，排除作答。三课堂达标检测（10分钟）( )1._doesyoursisterwritetoyourpare

22、nts? A.Howmany B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howfar answerB ( )2_doesittakeyoutofinishyouhomeworkeveryday? A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howsoon D.Howmuch answerA( )3.Theres_withhiseyes.HesOK. A.anythingwrong B.wrongsomethingC.nothingwrong D.wrongnothing( )4.Thestoryissoamazing!ItsthemostinterestingstoryIveeverre

23、ad. ButImafraiditwontbelikedby_. A.everybody B.somebodyC.anybody D.nobody( )5.Shelistenedcarefully,butheard_. A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.nothing( )6.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith_. A.everything B.anythingC.something D.nothing( )7.Everyoneisheretoday,_? No,HanMeiisnthere.Shesill.

24、 A.isntit B.isntheC.arethey D.isnteveryone( )8.Everythinggoeswell,_? A.isit B.isntit C.dothey D.doesntit( )9-“There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for me?” -“All ringht.” Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some( )10Be quiet! I have _ to tell you. Aimportant anything Banything important Cimporta

25、nt something Dsomething important( )11Put it down, Tom. You mustnt read _ letter. Aanyones elses Banyones else Canyone elses Danyone else( )12There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any( )13.Imhungry.Iwant_toeat. A.anythingB.somethingC.everyt

26、hingD.nothing( )14.Doyouhave_tosayforyourself? No,Ihave_tosay. A.something;everything B.nothing;something C.everything;anything D.anything;nothing( )15.Whynotask_tohelpyou? A.everyone B.someone C.anyone D.none四总结。(2分钟） 1知识点（20分钟）2 原级 分级 比较级形 最高级 1.直接加er/est 2.以e结尾加r/st词 单/双音节 3.以辅音加y结尾，变y为i加er/est 4

27、.重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾字母加er/est副 规则变化词 比较级：在单词前加more 三或三个以上音节 构成 最高级：在单词前加most Good/well-better-best far-farther-farthest 不规则变化 bad/badly-worse-worst further-furthest Many/much-more-most little-less-least一比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B例如 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。2表达“A不如B”用not asas的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B例如 I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesn