翻译网站unit11.docx

1、翻译网站unit11Unit 11Adverbial ClausesHighlights of the Unit 单元要点概述Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译II. Translation of Adverbial Clauses in Chinese 汉语状语从句的翻译Reflections and Practice 思考与练习BACK单元要点概述实用翻译训练英译汉：Why Measure Life in Heartbeats实用

2、翻译训练汉译英：艾滋病I. 英语状语从句的翻译1. 时间状语从句 2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句 4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句 6. 目的状语从句II. 汉语状语从句的翻译1. 分清主次关系 2. 使用无灵主语本单元就英语状语从句的翻译问题做了归纳，并对汉语状语的翻译做了简介。英语状语从句根据功能的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的等状语从句，在英汉翻译时一般比较容易处理，不会构成翻译的主要障碍，关键在于怎样将其放入恰当的位置，怎样处理好句与句之间的连接关系。本单元举例说明了各种英语状语从句的翻译方法：1. 时间状语从句，除了按常规的主从关系翻译之外，亦可译作汉语的并列

3、结构或条件句；2. 地点状语从句有时可译作汉语的条件句；3. 原因状语从句可视情况译作汉语主句；4. 条件状语从句可译作汉语的假设句或补语从句；5. 让步状语从句可译作汉语的“不管”、“无论”之类的无条件句；6. 目的状语从句可根据不同的语气或放在句首，或放在句末。汉语状语的翻译的关键在于两点：一是分清主次关系；二是学会使用无灵主语。因为汉语句与句之间往往没有明显的连接词语，句式衔接通过“意合”的机制来实现，讲究“不言而喻”，需要我们潜心把握。汉语不像英语那样大量地使用无灵名词充当役使主语。汉译英学会使用英语的这种造句法有助于简化译文的结构，将汉语的某些复合结构翻译成英语简单句。Practic

4、al Translation Training1. English-Chinese TranslationWhy Measure Life in HeartbeatsWhen I became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real meaning to the words, This is the first day of the rest of your life. There was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty o

5、f flowers, and the song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful nights sleep?After I became ill, I embarked upon many things I had been putting off before. I read the books I h

6、ad set aside for retirement and wrote one myself, entitled The Art of Surgery. My wife Madeleine and I took more, holidays. We played tennis regularly and curled avidly; we took the boys fishing. When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime since I acquired

7、cancer. On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients. Wh

8、en I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too, had been a patient there. It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis. It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in

9、one patients eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think. Why measure life in he

10、artbeats? When life is dependent on such unreliable function as the beating of the heart，then it is fragile indeed. The only thin one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.Notes and Explanations1. imminent mortality 即将来临的死亡，大限2. a heightened awareness 提高（加强）了的意识3. reflect on v.仔细考虑；注意此句中

11、the joy 后面的四个 of之间的并列关系的译法4. embark on（upon） 着手，从事5. curl v.（苏格兰的）玩冰上溜石游戏 （在冰上滑送圆形石板curling stone的游戏）6. Bahamas n. 巴哈马群岛拉丁美洲7. minuscule a. 小写的，微小的，微不足道的8. empathy n. 同情，同感9. the Intensive Care Unit 特别护理室10. that diagnosis 此处指“确诊为癌症”；注意此句it作形式主语的逆序翻译法11. laryngectomy n.医喉头切除术；注意此句语序，状语的位置，形式主语It作翻译法

12、2. Chinese-English Translation艾滋病世界各地有3600万人感染上了艾滋病比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第四大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。有7个非洲国家15至49岁的人口中感染上艾滋病病毒的占20%以上：南非为20%，博茨瓦纳为36%。赞比亚培训教师的速度，赶不上教师患艾滋病而死亡的速度。据估计，非洲在10年之内将有4000万艾滋病孤儿。亚洲受艾滋病的影响相对较小。只有柬埔寨泰国和缅甸的艾滋病病毒感染率超过1%。但这种流行病就像台风一样，总是在人们想不到的海岸积聚力量。印度的艾滋病病毒感

13、染率虽然“仅有”0.70%，但按这个比例也有370万人。到2005年，估计中国携带艾滋病病毒的人将达到500万一600万。Notes and Explanations1. 感染上艾滋病 suffering from/be infected with/come down with AIDS2. 头号罪魁 the chief culprit3. 艾滋病病毒HIV（human immunodeficiency virus 即人体免疫缺损病毒）4. 博茨瓦纳、赞比亚Botswana，Zambia5. 赶不上 not fast enough to replace6. 影响相对较小 comparative

14、ly untouched/less affected7. 柬埔寨、泰国和缅甸 Cambodia，Thailand and Burma8. 感染率 infection rate9. 流行病 pandemic/epidemic disease10. 在人们想不到的海岸积聚力量 gather strength off an unsuspected coast11. 携带艾滋病病毒的人 HIV-positives（注意英语的简略表达法）I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese TranslationEnglish adverbial clauses include

15、 adverbials of time, place, cause, condition, concession, purpose, result, and so on. Generally speaking, these adverbial clauses do not pose any obstacles to either comprehending or translating, and the crux is how to make the translation conform to Chinese usage, namely, how to arrange them proper

16、ly. Another point for attention is how to deal with the redundant conjunctivas when English adverbial clauses are translated into Chinese. And here are some instances from the above Practical Translation Training: When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I that I have lived a l

17、ifetime since I acquired cancer. ( adverbial clause of time) 回顾我得癌症后这几年，从许多方面来看，我似乎已经活了一辈子。 Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients. (adverbial clause of concession) 虽然我不得不限制目己的医务工作量，但我感到与病人更加心灵相通。 If one realizes that our time on this earth is bu

18、t a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos，then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.（adverbial clause of condition） 倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那，那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想像的那样重要了。 When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragi

19、le indeed.（adverbial clause of condition） 要是生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能，它的确脆弱不堪。1. Adverbial Clauses of rune1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial ClausesWhen translated into Chinese，English adverbial clauses of tune usually stand at the beginning of a sentence. Sometimes，trey may also be transla

20、ted by using such a Chinese pattern as“一就”. While she spoke，the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关电灯。 He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。2）Translating into Chinese Compound Sentences of Parallel

21、Structure She sang as she prepared the experiment. 她一边唱着歌，一边准备实验。 They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。 I was about to speak，when Mr. Smith cut in. 我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。3) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition Turn off the switch when anything goes wr

22、ong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。 A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若无外力的作用，静止的物体则不会移动。2. Adverbial Clauses of PlaceEnglish adverbial clauses of place are often translated into Chinese adverbial clauses of condition. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.

23、在有疑问的地方做个记号。 The materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not high. 如果零件价位不高，使用这些材料是最好不过的了。 Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers. 只要哪里水源充足，就在哪里修建大批的水电站。3. Adverbial Clauses of Cause1）Translating into Correspond

24、ing Chinese Clauses of CauseChinese adverbial clauses of cause usually begin with“因”，“由于”，and so on. The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干燥，作物歉收。 As the moons gravity is only about 1/6 of the gravity of the earth，a 200 pounds man weighs only 33 pounds on the moon. 由于月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一，所以一

25、个体重200磅的人在月球上仅重33磅。2）Translating into Chinese Principal ClausesIn this case，the original principal clause is changed into a subordinate clause. This is actually the omission of the conjunctive. Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact，he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 Pure iro

26、n is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。 Since information is continuously sent into the system as it becomes available, Teletext is always kept up-to-date. 新获得的资料不断地输入，所以电传文本总能保持最新信息。4. Adverbial Clauses of Condition1）Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition，o

27、r Clauses of Supposition If something has the ability to adjust itself to the environment，we say it has intelligence. 如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它具有智力。 Granted that this is true，what conclusion can you draw? 假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？ Should there be urgent situation，press the red button to switch off the electric

28、ity. 万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。2) Translating into Chinese Supplementary Clauses You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。 Any body above the earth will fall unless it is supported by an upward force equal to its weight. 地球上的任何物体都会落下来，除非它受到一个大小与其重量相等的力的支持。5. Adverbial Clauses of ConcessionThere are two basic ways of translating English adverbial clauses of concession.1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得全部都如此。 I still think that you made a mistake while I admit what you say. 就算