大学英语六级翻译四.docx

1、大学英语六级翻译四文房四宝文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)是中国书法传统书写工具的统称，包括笔、墨、纸、砚(ink stone)。“文房”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝，书房里的工具还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(ink pad)，这些都是书房必备品。唐宋是书法的繁荣时期，当时著名的生厂商制造的经典文房四宝被后世学者高度赞扬。中国传统文化及艺术的发明和发展与文房四宝密切相关。在某种程度上，文房四宝代表了中国传统文化的重要元素。The Four Treasures of the Study,is a general name of the traditio

2、nal writing tools of Chinese calligraphy, including writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone. The name of Wen fang refers to a scholars study. Besides these four treasures, tools used in the study also include brush pots, brush rack,ink box, wrist-rest, brush washer and ink pad, all of which are nece

3、ssities of the study. Classical products of the Four Treasures of the Study made by famous producers during the Tang and Song Dynasties, when styles of writing were very prosperous, were highly praised by later scholars.The invention and development of Chinas traditional culture and art are closely

4、related to the Four Treasures of the Study.And to some extent,the Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditional Chinese culture.1.“文房”指的是:其中“指的是”译为refer to。“文房”用汉语拼音Wen fang表示即可。2.除了还有:此处可用besides或in addition to表达，而不用except，因为except表示“除去不计,不包括在内”。3.经典:可译为classical。classi

5、cal products意为“经典产品”。4.和密切相关:可译为be closely related to5.在某种程度上:可译为短语to some extent或in some degree。兵马俑兵马俑(the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses)是秦始皇陵墓(mausoleum)的一部分，也是20世纪世界考古(archaeological)史上最伟大的发现之一。兵马俑是秦始皇为了死后能继续统治王国而建造的，在1974年被西安当地的农民发现。真人一样大小的兵俑按战斗队形排列，依据不同的等级，他们的身高、制服和发型都不相同。他们生动、逼真的形象，显示了工匠们极高的

6、雕刻水平。兵马俑是世界上最大的地下军事博物馆，于1987年被列入世界文化遗产，并被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”。The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, a part of QinShi Huangs mausoleum, is one of the significant findings in the world archaeological history of the twentieth century. It was constructed for Qin ShiHuang to rule the empire in his afterlife and di

7、scovered in 1974 by local farmers in Xian. Varying in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank, the life-sized terra-cotta warriors are arranged in battle formation. The vivid and life-like images reflect the high engraving level of craftsmen. The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, the la

8、rgest underground military museum, was listed as the World Cultural Heritages and honored as The Eighth Wonder of the World in 1987.1.第一个句子中主语是“兵马俑”，后面出现两个并列分句“是”和“也是”翻译时可将“秦始皇陵墓的一部分”译作apart of Qin Shi Huangs mausoleum，放在主语之后，作为主语The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses的同位语，使句子更紧凑。2.第二句由两个分句构成，主语都是兵马俑。第一

9、个分句中兵马俑是“建造”的对象，所以要用被动语态;而第二个分句的“被发现”同样提示需用被动语态。因此，用连词and连接两个并列的谓语即可。3.第三句中的“他们的身高、服装和发型都不相同”可使用现在分词短语varying in height作状语，置于句首，使译文简洁有层次。4.最后一句较长，主语是“兵马俑”，后面跟着三个并列分句，“是”、“被列入”和“并被誉为”翻译时可以将“世界上最大的地下军事博物馆”放在主语之后，作为主语的同位语，后面两个分句用and连接，使句子更紧凑。家中度假家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在离家不远的景点游览的一段时光。人们在家中度假

10、的原因很多，如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小。对于大多数中国人来说。节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵(congestion)，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招待朋友、游览当地的公园和博物馆，或参与当地一些节日活动等。家中度假也可以丰富多彩，它将成为一种新的度假趋势。A staycation refers to a period in which an individual or a family stays at home for relaxing or takes trips to nearby tourist attraction

11、s.There are various reasons for people to take a staycation,like tight family budgets,rising travel costs or having very young kids.For the majority of Chinese people,overcrowded tourist sites,congestion on expressways and city roads during holidays are the two major factors contributing to their st

12、aycations.Common activities of a staycation include entertaining friends at home,visiting local parks and museums,and attending local festival celebrations. A staycation can be rich and colorful,and it will become a now trend for vacation.1.第一句话中的主干结构为“家中度假是指一段时光”，因为定语过长，可将定语处理成which引导的定语从句。2. “如家庭预

13、算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小”具体列举人们在家中度假的原因，翻译“紧张”、“攀升”和“太小”时可采用“形容词+名词”的结构，即like tight family budgets, rising travel costs or having very young kids，比较符合英文表达习惯。3.在“节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因”一句中，“景区人山人海”和“高速公路、城市道路拥堵”都是主谓短语，可理解成“人山人海的景区”和“拥堵的高速公路、 城市道路”分别译作overcrowded tourist sites和congestion

14、on expressways and city roads，符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点。4.最后一句由两个分句组成，可译为两个并列句，用连接间and连接。中国的民族中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家，中国共有56个民族，总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族，约占全国人口的92%，主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散，主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系，强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。China is noted for its dens

15、e population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about1.4 billion.The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% of the total population, which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minor

16、ities dwell extensively all over China,distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast.Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions.Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united

17、ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups.1.第二句的主干结构是“中国共有56个民族”，可理解成“中国是56个民族的家”，因此“有”译为is home to，充分表达了中国是一个大家庭的意思。“总人口约14亿人”用介词短语with a total population of about 1.4 billion表达，句子更加简洁精炼。2.第三句“汉族是东部和中部”可把“汉族是中华民族的主体民族”作为主句：“约占全国人口的92%”使用现在分词短语作状语，即

18、accounting for 92% of the total population：“主要分布在东部和中部”则使which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。3.第四句“而其他少数民族居住，同样讲民族的分布，可用连词while与上一句连接，中间用分号隔开，从而使汉族与少数民族的分布形成对比。这里的”主要分布在“可使用现在分词短语作状语，译为distributing mainly in。4.翻译最后一句时可把“中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系”作为句子主干，谓语动词“一直提倡和发展”可使用现在完成进行时态，说明政策的延续性。“强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣”则使用现在分词短语作状语h

19、ighlighting，对主句作进一步补充说明。北京大学北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。Originally known as the Imperial Univers

20、ity of Peking, Peking University was established in1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in Chinas modern history.In modern history of China, it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of Chinas New Culture Movement, the May

21、Fourth Movement and many other significant events.Today, Peking University was placed by many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China. The university lays emphasis on both teaching,and scientific research.It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate

22、education,and maintain its role as a leading research institution. In addition,the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.1.表示某事物的成立，需用被动语态：“原名京师大学堂”即最初的名字，可译为and its original name was;也可与前面句子共用主语Peking University，译为was ori

23、ginally known as，但这两种处理方法都不如将其处理为过去分词短语originally known as来得简洁地道。2.注意第二句中“中国近代史”的译法，“近代史”通常译为modern history.“现代史”则译为contemporary history.“标志着的开始”可以套用mark the beginning of句型表达。注意，不要一看到“标志”就翻译为symbolize，该词一般指“某事物的象征意义”，用于此不合适。3.第三句中的“对的发生颇有影响”的中心词是“有影响”(was influential)，“对的发生”表明产生影响的方面，用介词in.“发生”在此处强调

24、的是状态，而不是动作，因此用in the birth of表达。舞狮舞狮(lion dance)是一种由一人或两人身披狮型服装(lioncostume)进行表演的民间表演艺术。据记载，舞狮有两千多年的悠久历史，在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项目。舞狮最注重的是技巧，舞狮者要以夸张的方式模仿狮子的各种表情和动作。经过几千年的发展，舞狮已经在各地形成了不同的表演特色。在中国的传统风俗中，狮子是一种可以去除灾难、带来幸运的吉祥物(mascot)。因此，每逢节日或隆重的庆典，人们都以舞狮来营造欢乐和热闹的气氛。Lion dance is a folk performing art performe

25、d by one or two persons in lion costumes. According to records, the dance, with a long history of more than 2,000 years, was introduced to the royal family as a form of entertainment during Tang Dynasty. Skill is given top priority in performing the lion dance and performers are required to imitate

26、various expressions and movements of lions in an exaggerated way. After thousands years of development, diverse performing characteristics in different regions have been formed. In the traditional Chinese custom the lion is regarded as a mascot that wards off misfortunes and brings good luck. Theref

27、ore, during festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform lion dance to create a happy and exciting atmosphere.1.第一句较长，可先提炼其“舞狮是一种民间表演艺术”，译为Lion dance is a folk performing art：“由一人或两人身披狮型服装进行表演的”可译为过去分词短语作定语。2.第二句可将“舞狮在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项目”处理为主句。“有两千多年的悠久历史”可译为with a long history of，作为插入语，放在主语之

28、后。3.第三句“舞狮最注重的是”包含两短句，使用and连接的并列结构;翻译时可采用被动语态，即skill is given top priority inand performers are required to。4.倒数第二句中“狮子是一种”，隐含狮子在人们心中的形象，译为is regarded as比译成is，表达更加地道。北京胡同人们说，真正的北京文化是胡同(hutong)和四合院(quadrangle courtyard)文化。它们比髙楼大吸引的海内外游客更多。现在，胡同已经成为北京文化的代表，因此对于想了解当地的历史文化的人来说，胡同是首选。胡同是蒙古词，意思是“水井”。在元朝，蒙

29、古人髙度重视水，所以几乎每一个城市社区都围绕一口井设计。直到今天，人们仍然可以在胡同中找到枯井。每条小巷中都有故亊。在古代，它们的名宇是口口相传的，胡同里没有路标(signpost)。直到明、清两代，胡同的名字才逐渐被书写下来。People say that the real culture of Beijing is the culture of hutong and quadrangle courtyards. They attract more tourists from home and abroad than the high-rise buildings and large man

30、sions.Now hutongs have become representatives of Beijings culture; thus it is the first choice for people who would like to learn about the local history and culture. Hutong is a Mongolian word meaning “well”.In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians attached great importance to water, so almost every communi

31、ty in the city was designed around a well.Until now, one can still find dry wells in hutongs. Where there is such a lane, there is a story. In ancient times,the names of them were passed from mouth to mouth among people;there were no signposts in hutongs.It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties

32、that the names of hutongs were written down gradually.1.四合院：可译为quadrangle courtyard，也可以用courtyard house或者courtyard表达。2.高楼大厦：此处可译为the high-rise buildings and large mansions，即“高层建筑和大厦”。3.成为的代表：可译为become representatives of.4.首选：可译为first choice，而best choice则意为“最佳选择”。5.高度重视：可译为attach great importance to.其中importance也可以用much修饰。6.每条小巷中都有故亊：可译为Where there is such a lane，there is a story.地道，又与众不同。深圳深圳是中国改革开放以来的第一个经济特区，是中国改革开放的窗口，已发展为具有一定影响力的国际化城市。它也是南方重要的髙新技术研发和制造基地。深圳有辽阔的海域连接南海和太平洋。深圳毗邻香港，而且是中国最繁忙的集装箱港口 (container port)之一。世界之窗是深圳的一个大型旅游景区。这里有世界上许多著名