精读课程 Unit 11 exercise keys.docx

1、精读课程 Unit 11 exercise keysUnit 11I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. face up to = confront bravely2. let go of: stop holding something 放开，松手e.g. You cant go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches.只有让你过去的失败和心痛离你远去，你才能在未来生活得更好。 Let go of

2、your negative outlook on life, always maintain a positive attitude. 不要对生活持否定的看法，要一直保持肯定的态度。3. let off the hook: be allowed to get away without being punished 摆脱困境，逃避惩罚e.g. The teacher let him off the hook with a warning this time. 这一次老师放过他，只给了一个警告。Lets let ourselves off the hook for this one, shall

3、we? 所以让我们自己来摆脱这一次的困境好吗？4. an eye for an eye: every injury should be paid back; retaliation 以牙还牙e.g. An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind! 以牙还牙，世界只会更加盲目！Following the rule of an eye for an eye will only lead to further tragedies. 依循以牙还牙的规则只会造成更多的悲剧。5. vicious circle: a situatio

4、n in which the effect of one problem creates another, and causes the first problem to return 恶性循环e.g. The disease can lead up to a vicious circle of further trouble. 这一疾病会导致更加严重的疾病，从而形成恶性循环。This becomes an increasingly vicious circle until he is willing to change how he sees. 这种恶性循环会愈演愈烈，除非他甘愿改变自己的看

5、法。II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. guidelines 2. promoted 3. reconciled 4. vicious circle 5. worth 6. keep under control 7. compelled 8. forgeIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. compelling

6、2. acknowledgement 3. promotion 4. reconciliation 5. mutually 6. invisible 7. confrontation 8. denial 1. compel v. 强迫，迫使，使不得已 compelled a. 强迫的 compelling a. 有说服力的e.g. 大雪迫使我们呆在户内。The heavy snow compelled us to stay indoors.他强迫他的女儿读她不喜欢的科目。He compelled his daughter to study the subject she does not li

7、ke.2. acknowledge v. 承认，公认，告知收到，表示感谢，注意到 acknowledgement n. 承认，确认，感谢e.g.他不愿认输。He is unwilling to acknowledge defeat.对我的申请，我还没有收到回信。I didnt receive an acknowledgement of my application.3. promote v. 促进；提升，升迁； 促销 promotion n. 晋升；促进；提升 promotional a. 推销的；晋升的e.g. 锻炼可增进健康。Exercise promotes health.在这家公司里提

8、升的机会很多。There are good chances of promotion in this firm.4. reconcile v. 和解，调和，妥协 reconciliation n. 和解，调和e.g. 我们试图让她和她的父母和好。We tried to reconcile her with her parents.5. mutual a. 共同的，相互的 mutually ad. 相互，共同 e.g. 爱是相互的。Love is mutual.6. visible a. 可见的，看得见的 invisible a. 看不见的，无形的e.g. 从我旅馆房间的窗户可以望到大山。The

9、 mountain is visible from the window of my hotel room.7. confront (v.) 面临，对抗，遭遇 confrontation (n.) 对审，面对面，面对e.g.士兵常常要身临险境。A soldier often has to confront danger.8. deny v. 否认，拒绝给与 denial n. 否认，拒绝e.g. 他的回答几乎等于拒绝。His reply approaches to a denial.V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined i

10、n each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: well-intentioned2. Antonym: outer, external3. Antonym: unfairness, partiality, injustice4. Synonym: pardon, excuse5. Synonym: discharged, dismissed, sacked6. Synonym: below, under7. Synonym: enemy, opponent8. Antonym: current, presentVI. Provide in

11、 each space the full form for each shortened form.1. WTO World Trade Organization / World Tourism Organization 2. WHO World Health Organization 3. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 4. EU European Union 5. FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation 6. ASEAN Association

12、of Southeast Asian Nations 7. DIY do it yourself 8. UFO unidentified flying object Grammar Exercises 1. Use of determinersWords that precede any premodifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference, generic reference, definite quantity or indefini

13、te quantity are referred to as determiners.1) Determiners with all three classes of nounsDeterminers such as possessive determiners, genitive nouns and the definite article as well as some, any, no, the other, and whose can go with all the three classes of nouns.e.g. the car the cars the money his c

14、ar his cars his moneysome book some books some money2) Determiners with singular count nouns onlyDeterminers such as a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a can only collocate with singular count nouns.e.g. each worker every student either book neither boy3) Determiners with

15、 plural count nouns onlyDeterminers such as both, two, three, etc., another two / three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of can only collocate with plural count nouns.e.g. both workers (a) few words several girls these / those tourists4) Determiners with noncount nouns only De

16、terminers such as a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much, less, least can only collocate with noncount nouns.e.g. much noise (a) little courage a bit of fun a large amount of money less oil 5) Determiners with singular and plural count nouns onlyDeterminers such as t

17、he first, the second, the last, the next can go with either singular or plural count nouns.e.g. the first rose / roses the last man / men the next meeting / meetings6) Determiners with singular and noncount nouns onlyDeterminers such as this, that can collocate with either singular or noncount nouns

18、.e.g. this / that job this / that work7) Determiners with plural and noncount nouns onlyDeterminers such as a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, most, such, other can go with plural and noncount nouns, but not with singular nouns.e.g. enough copies enough bread more essays more time most people Thi

19、s class of determiners may also include less and least, normally occur with noncount nouns, but in present-day English, especially in informal style, may occasionally occur with plural nouns.e.g. Less and less people can afford to go abroad for their holidays.Political programs on TV attract the lea

20、st viewers. (This use of less and least is regarded by some as non-standard.)2. Use of pronouns Pronouns are varied closed-class words with nominal function. English has a developed pronoun system, comprising personal pronouns such as I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, them, possessive pro

21、nouns such as my, mine, your, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, theirs, reflexive pronouns such as myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, reciprocal pronouns such as one another, each other, demonstrative pronouns such as this, that, these, t

22、hose, interrogative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, what, which, relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, that, which and indefinitive pronouns such as somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing, all, another, any, both, ea

23、ch, few, neither, none, some, etc. e.g. Theres somebody at the door. Did anybody ever hear of such a thing?3. Use of genitive case of nounsCase is a grammatical term. It denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship both grammatically and semantically with other wor

24、ds in a sentence. The genitive case of nouns is formed by adding s to nouns. e.g. my mothers arrival, womens clothes, my mother-in-laws death, an hours workCertain semantic relations between noun phrases may be expressed by a genitive in premodification or by a prepositional phrase (usually an of- p

25、hrase) in postmodification. e.g. the trunk of an elephant, the foreign policy of China, the arrival of the prime ministerI. Fill in the blanks with pronouns.Key:1. all, anything 2. all 3. she 4. ones 5. I, I6. anything 7. Anybody 8. none 9. it 10. something, anyone/anybodyII. Correct the errors, whe

26、re found, in the following sentences.Key:1. everyone every one 2. each every3. my whole luggage all my luggage4. on my self on my own/ by myself5. the a 6. correct.7. a little little 8. most my most of myIII. Compare the italicized parts.1. a. a portrait that depicts John b. a portrait that John pos

27、sesses2. a. non-unique reference b. definite reference3. a. talking with a sense of disapproval b. talking about a fact4. a. informal b. formal5. a glass to hold wine b. a glass with wine in it6. a. a bag used for shopping b. a bag full of shopping 7. a. vegetables that are grown in a garden b. a ga

28、rden where vegetables are grown8. a. Mr. and Mrs. Carter are the owners of the books b. Englands problems and Americas problemsIV. Rephrase the following sentences, using the correct possessive forms.1. I am taking a weeks holiday.2. I was introduced to a friend of John and Peters.3. The post office

29、 is two minutes walk from here.4. John rode Charles(s) bicycle.5. Three men helped to organize the school sports day. They were Roberts, Peters and Henrys fathers.6. Would you want one of my cats kittens?7. I had a cup of coffee in the station buffet.8. At the party we sang and danced to our hearts

30、content.V. choose the expressions.1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. bTranslation exercisesI. English Chinese 1. 承认仇恨将迫使我们作出决定，是否要对我们的灵魂进行可以称之为“宽恕”的手术。2. 当他说他的支持没能打动院长，因此感到非常抱歉时，她假装相信了他，可她无法保持这种两面性。3. 宽恕意味着用一种新的眼光去审视伤害我们的人，排除他的过错，看看那不道德的外衣下究竟是一个什么样的人。4. 如果所有的人都坚持“以眼还眼”式的正义，那么整个世界就像陷入黑暗。II. Chines

31、e English1. As my article was over 10,000 words, I finally had to cut out several paragraphs to satisfy the requirements of the academic journal. Practice:我们把不重要的细节删掉。Let us cut out the unimportant details.我把那些我认为没有价值的东西删除了。I have cut out some of the material which I found to be of little value.2. There is no running away from the facts, so we must face up to the truth and pay for our mistakes. Practice:一个结婚的人必须承担他的责任。A married man has to face up to his responsibilities. 人才外流是一个全球性的问题，不能面对这一新现实的国家，就将失去一些最为宝贵的资源。The brain drain is a universal phenomenon,