全新版大学英语2第二版UNIT2语言点11页.docx

1、全新版大学英语2第二版UNIT2语言点11页Unit 2 Values“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并

2、非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。Happiness is not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. 一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。韩非子也有

3、云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 Franklin D. Roosevelt我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9

4、160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识

5、到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 幸福不在于仅仅拥有金钱，而在于取得成就时的喜悦和创造性劳动带来的喜悦、激动。 富兰克林D罗斯福Detailed Reading. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 12) It was early December 2019, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question.1. What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?(=To ring the bel

6、l and ask people to donate money to help the poor.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=首次面对这个问题，是在2019年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。)2. (LL. 56) I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?” 1. Why did the boy ask such a question?(=Because he was confused and curi

7、ous.)2. How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?(=Obviously he knew nothing about that.)3. (LL. 78) “Well,” I stammered, trying to think, “I have more than some people, but not as much as other.” 1. How did the author think of the question?(=He thought it was difficult to answ

8、er.)2. What does the authors answer mean?(=This means he is neither poor nor rich.)4. (LL. 89) His mother scolded him for the social no-no .1. What is “social no-no”? (=Something that is socially inappropriate.)2. Why did the mother scold her son?(=Because the author looked poor, the question was so

9、cially inappropriate to ask.)5. (LL. 1314) Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.1. What do many other people have?(=The material things.)2. Please paraphrase this sentence. (=However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after th

10、e material things so many other people have.)6. (LL. 1920) And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.1. What is the “can do” attitude?(=That is self confidence.)2. How do you understand this sentence?(=And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.)7. (L. 31) Shortly after

11、 her visit, our relationship went straight south. 1. What was their relationship after her visit?(=Their relationship went sour. That is to say, they were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.)2. Why there was such a change in their relationship?(=Because the girl actually paid much attention to mater

12、ial things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the authors apartment, she found he was really poor.)8. (LL. 3538) There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV ” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be tru

13、e that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.1. What is “a high-end TV”? (=A TV that is expensive and of high quality.)2. What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?(=Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more t

14、han is really necessary.)9. (L. 49) December is the time of year I feel wealthiest. Why does the author think so?(=Because December is the time for him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.)10. (LL. 5

15、051) Over the past four years, Ive grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.1. How has the boys question affected the author?(=The boys question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and sh

16、ould be thankful for that.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。). Words and Expressions1. (L. 2) confront: vt. 1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly * The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.* A major difficulty that confr

17、onts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)军人必须面对危险和死亡。(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)* Astronauts have to confront the unknown. be confronted with: be brought face

18、to face (=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.) * conclusions that can be confronted with experience2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。(=They made a generous donation to charity.)Collocation:a bl

19、ood donation 献血make/give a donation 捐赠promise a donation 允诺捐助3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.* The enemy retreated in great confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)Collocation:covered with confusion 非常慌张in confusio

20、n 乱七八糟，处于混乱状态throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth. * Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)Collocation:from

21、/out of curiosity 在好奇心驱使下in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事Curiosity killed a cat. 好奇伤身。5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable* Its cruel to make fun of people who stammer.他结结巴巴地道了谢。(=He stammered his thanks.)6. (L. 10) deny: vt.1) say that sth. is not

22、true * There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930s. 2) refuse to admit or accept(=He denied knowing anything about their plans.)7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)* It took me quite a while to fill o

23、ut the questionnaire.请把附表填好。(=Please fill out the attached blank.)8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities) 理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.) * All whales fall into two groups, those w

24、ith teeth and those without.9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.) 这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。(=It is nothing more than a made-up story.)10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。(=Im determined to attai

25、n my purpose at any cost.)* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.Collocation:attain ones goal 达到目的attain the age of 有岁了attain the top of a moutain 到达山顶CF: get, gain, obtain & attain这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。get是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于口语中。例如：* She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping. 她在花

26、样跳绳中得分最高。gain多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期待的。例如：* I hope you will gain the victory this time. 我希望你这次获得胜利。obtain是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果或目的。例如： * By this method, we obtained a good result. 我们用这种方法获得了好结果。attain强调达到完美的地步。例如：* Such a condition is very difficult to attain. 这样的情况是很难达到的。11. (L. 16) minimal: adj.

27、very small in size or amount; as small as possible 暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。(=The storm did only minimal damage.) * The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year. N.B.: 该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them(=Riding horses with my

28、mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.) * She cherished the child as though he were her own.Collocation:cherish fond dreams of 做的美梦cherished desire 夙愿cherish a deep love for 热爱13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people * Have

29、 you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。(=The excuse for her absence was obviously fabricated.)14. (L. 22) tickle: v. 1) amuse and interest * The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes. * It tickled her to think that h

30、er boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.2) move ones fingers on a sensitive part of anothers body in a way that makes them laugh * She tickled the boys feet and made him laugh. 婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or

31、 essential(=This point is vital to my argument.) * The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.Pattern: be vital to 对极为重要16. (L. 25) well off: rich, or having enough money to live well * The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society. 如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。 (=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with peoples feelings(=His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.)* Nature has programmed us