名家教你巧翻长难句.docx

1、名家教你巧翻长难句名家教你巧翻长难句 2009-07-10 14:08:00 中国青年网作者 宋采平，新华社高级译审前前后后干了近二十年的翻译工作，近几年我在翻译和校对中的体会尤其深刻，也积累了一些素材，想与年轻同仁分享，以便共勉：翻译是一种职业，很平淡；但它是一座桥梁，很重要；它还是一门艺术，充满挑战。翻译是幕后工作，默默无闻，“是无名英雄”。但是，我们翻译匠自己不能小看这份工作，如果满腔热情地投入其中，就一定能体会到其中的乐趣，并在平凡的岗位上挥洒出属于自己的精彩。翻译长句时首先要仔细阅读长句，理解主从句的关系，并联系上下文，弄懂全句的意思，然后用通顺的汉语表达出来。(1) 顺序法如果英语

2、长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子基本相似，则可按原文顺序译。President George Bush has rejected the treaty, calling it unfair in allowing developing countries such as China, India and Brazilto carry on emitting greenhouse gases unabated while rich countries must cut theirs.(布什总统已拒绝签署该条约，称该条约不公平，因为它允许诸如中国、印度和巴西等发展中国家继续不受限制

3、地排放温室气体，而发达国家却必须减少它们的排放量。)(2) 逆序法“Neither believe nor reject anything, because any other person has rejected or believed it ”(“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信或拒绝它”)Yesterday, Iraqis got a glimpse of what life without Saddam Hussein may hold, as protests and politicking marked the first day of meetings to d

4、ecide the countrys fate.(昨天是伊拉克召开决定国家命运的会议的第一天，各种抗议和其它政治活动令人瞩目，让伊拉克人初次瞥见了没有萨达姆的生活会是什么样子。)(3) 分译法我们可以在翻译中将英语长句中一连串后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，将短语或从句分拆译为短句。The U.S. almost certainly will have departed from Thailand where the government has declared U.S. forces unwelcome and from Taiwan which the U.S. should evacu

5、ate under the terms of the U.S.-Chinese Shanghai Communique of 1972.(鉴于泰国已经宣布美国军队不受欢迎，而根据中美两国1972年上海公报的规定，美国应该从台湾撤军，因此，几乎可以肯定美国将会从泰国和中国台湾撤军。)Across all continents, nearly a billion people seek, sometimes almost desperation, for the skills and knowledge and assistance by which they may satisfy from t

6、heir own resources, the material wants common to all mankind.(遍及各大洲的近10亿人口在寻求，有时几乎是不惜一切地寻求技术、知识和援助。有了技术、知识和援助，他们就能够运用自己的资源来满足全人类的物质需要。)当然在翻译长句时也可以把上述三种方法综合起来使用。从事翻译时间长了，长句见多了，译多了，自然就会得心应手。做个合格的甚至优秀的翻译工作者固然不易，但也并非高不可攀。只要我们端正态度踏踏实实，不断提高英文理解能力和中文表达水平，刻苦钻研，勤于积累，满腔热情投入到工作中，就一定会在翻译事业中有所成就。如何地道表达：工作，机会和运气

7、1前途远大 have the world before one你们的前途都很远大，但仍需努力工作You all have the world before you .But youll still need to work hard.2.好险 a narrow squeak昨晚好险哪。老板同一个女职员在办公室里动手动脚的，差点让他的妻子给撞上了。The boss had a narrow squeak last night in his office: his spooning with a girl clerk was almost found our by his wife.3.手气好 h

8、ave the Midas touch王先生的手气特别好，干什么都挣钱。Mr. Wang has the Midas touch: everything he does turns to gold.(此语源自希腊神话。据说神给一个叫Midas的人一种特殊的力量，任何东西只要被他的手一碰就会变成黄金.后来，Midas touch便用来喻指“有发财的运气或技能”了)4.走运be on the gravy train这几年他一直很走运Hes been on the gravy train these years.5让人给骗了be ripped off我又被那个家伙给骗了I was ripped of

9、f again by that guy.6不入虎穴焉得虎子 Nothing venture ,nothing have.7.白费力气plough the air.你再劝他也只是白费力气Any attempt tot let him change will only be ploughing the air.8.命好lead a charmed life他的命真好。爸爸是政府高级官员，妈妈是公司的总经理，自己通过了托福考试并获得美国一所大学的奖学金。His father is a senior government official, his mother is the general mana

10、ger of a large company and he himself had passed the TOFEL test and got a scholarship from an American university. He must have been leading a charmful life!9.倒霉get in the neck在家里，如果孩子们打架被父母发现了，倒霉的总是年龄大的孩子。In the family, if the kicks-up are found out by the parents , its always the oldest of the chi

11、ldren wholl get in the neck.10.背黑锅hold the bag在任何的情况下，我从没有让任何人为我背黑锅Under no circumstances have I made anyone hold the bag for me.11. 有利可图的事an angle无利可图的事，那家伙是从来不会干的That guy never does anything unless theres an angle in it.12.吃苦头burn ones fingers以前，我为了帮那个家伙吃了一些苦头I burned my fingers in helping that gu

12、y before.13.被开除be sacked他因为玩忽职守被开除了He got sacked for falling asleep at the switch.14.因祸得福a blessing in disguise他遭遇车祸反而因祸得福了：住院时和一个漂亮的护士相爱了He had an accident and it turned out to be a blessing in disguise: a pretty nurse fell in lover with him during his stay in the hospital.15.一举成名be vaulted to fame

13、老张就是个一夜成功，一举成名的典型例证Lao Zhang was vaulted to fame, a classic example of overnight success.16.千载难逢 once in a blue moon这可是个千载难逢的好机会阿This is a chance once in a blue moon.17.十拿九稳its dollar to buttons他肯定能通过这次的考试，这是十拿九稳的了I bet he will pass the exam. Its dollars to buttons.18.没门！No way!19.好日子不多了ones days ar

14、e numbered他意识到自己好日子没几天了，不禁感到一阵凄凉和恐慌。He felt a rush of chilled feeling of anxiety when he realized that his days were numbered.20.有点玄乎 a bit iffy依我看，他们的成功有点玄乎As far as I can see, their success is a bit iffy.21.走上坡路be on the up grade走上坡路比走下坡路要难得多Its much more difficult to be on the up grade than on th

15、e down grade.22.受某人恩宠be in somebodys grace他们家的孩子都很受人恩宠Every child in his family is in good graces of other people.23.开门红get off to a flying start我们公司一成立就来了个开门红：在开业后的第一周就得到了三笔大宗订单Our company got off to a flying start when it opened to business: we got three big orders during the first week of opening

16、.24.跟白给的一样便宜 be a steal/be for a song这部车他只花了300美元，跟白拣的一样。He spent only 300 dollars in the car, which was simply a steal.25.坐失良机miss the boat他说他为错过那样好的机会而感到非常遗憾He said that he was very much regretted about having missed the boat.26.一帆风顺pan out你不能期望事情总是一帆风顺的呀！You cant always expect things to pan out e

17、ach time, can you?27.碰钉子get the cheese他没想到在那个公司会碰钉子He didnt expect to get the cheese in that company.28.在火葬场工作work as a funeral furnisher老李已经在火葬场工作了二十多年了Lao Lis been working as a funeral furnisher for more than 20 years.29.吊儿郎当play around我可不喜欢让我的孩子整天吊儿郎当的，一点正经事都不干。I dont want my children to play aro

18、und all day and do nothing useful.30.棘手的问题a ticklish question面对那些棘手的问题他也显得束手无策了。He seemed to be at his wits end before those ticklish questions.31.难办的事sticky business他发现这件事特别难办，同意不好，不同意也不好He found it a sticky business: he could neither agree nor disagree.32.稳扎稳打play for safety在这种情况下，我们应该稳扎稳打，切勿操之过急U

19、nder such circumstances we should play for safety against making haste.33.干苦差事hold the baby为什么把这个苦差事留给我一个人干？Why should I be left holding the baby alone?34.饭碗儿ones bread and butter我不能放弃教书，那是我的饭碗I cant give up teaching, for its my bread and butter.35.忙得不可开交 have ones hands full王燕白天上班，下班后还要照顾家里，简直是忙得不可

20、开交。Wang Yan has her hands full with working full time during the day and taking care of the family the rest of the time.36.没那回事 nothing of the sort!别听他们胡说八道，根本就没那回事。Dont be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort!人生谚语精华版 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。 Actions speak louder tha

21、n words.事实胜于雄辩 All is not gold that glitters.闪光的不一定都是金子An idle youth， a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.良药苦口 Do wrong once and youll never hear the end of it.一失足成千古恨 Every cloud has a silver lining.守得云开见月明 Every man has his fault.人孰无过 First come， first served.捷足先登 Haste

22、 makes waste.欲速则不达 Honesty is the best policy.诚实至上 In fair weather prepare for foul.未雨绸缪 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 Let bygones be bygone.既往不究 Look before you leap.三思而后行 Man proposes， God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天 Money talks.金钱万能 No gains without pains.吃得苦中苦方为人上人 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧 Silence is gold

23、en.献丑不如藏拙 Speak well of your friend，of your enemy say nothing.隐恶扬善 Take things as they come.逆来顺受 The ear1y bird catches the worm.先到先得 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不饶人 To burn the cand1e at both ends.自暴自弃 To count ones chickens before they are hatched.To make a mountain out of a molehill.小题大做 Too

24、many cooks spoil tbe broth.人多手脚乱 Well begun is half done.事半功倍 When you are in Rome， do as the Romans do.入乡随俗 Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没材烧。英语和老外说的一样溜：好口语三关键如果你学英语多年，却依然不善表达、不善面谈、不善辩论、不善沟通、不善谈判、不善推广自己、不善经营自己；如果你专业技能突出，兢兢业业，成绩突出，却因为英语口语不好而失去了很多升职加薪的机会；如果你正在为英语口语问题而烦恼，焦虑，不知道如何下手，寻求突破英语

25、口语的熟练，有三大关键步骤要做好。第一步就是模仿 模仿的目的在于确保语音、语调的正确和提高表达的流利程度。模仿的时候，口齿要尽量清楚；在刚开始模仿时，速度不要过快，用慢速模仿，以便把音发到位，等到发音准确后，再加快速度，用正常的语速反复多说几遍，直到不用想就能用正常语速把句子轻松地说出来。对于自己读不准或比较生疏的单词要反复多听几遍，然后再反复模仿，逐个单词地练习，在那些常用词上下功夫，尽量模仿得像一些。第二步就是复述 学英语离不开记忆，记忆不是死记硬背，要有灵活性。复述就是一种很好的自我训练口语，记忆单词和句子的方法。复述有两种常见的方式。一是阅读后复述，二是听录音后复述。第二种方式更好些，

26、这种方式既能练听力，又可以练口语表达能力。同时可以提高注意力的集中程度，提高听的效果，而且还可以提高记忆力，克服听完就忘的毛病。复述要循序渐进，可以先从一两句开始，听完后用自己的话(英语)把所听到的内容说出来。在刚开始练习时，因语言表达能力、技巧等方面原因，往往复述接近于背诵，但经过训练后，就会由死到活。在保证语言正确的前提下，复述可有越来越大的灵活性，比如改变句子结构，删去一些不常用或太难的东西，长段可以缩短，甚至仅复述大意或作内容概要。复述的内容也要有所选择。一般来说，所选资料的内容要具体生动，有明确的情节，生词量不要太大。可选那些知识性强的小短文。开始时可以练习复述小故事，有了基础后，复

27、述的题材可以进行扩展。第三步就是也就英语描述 流畅的英语口语最高的标准是强大的描述能力。仅仅有正确的发音和复述是远远不够的；如果你仅仅具备这两方面的能力，那么你就仅仅是个传声筒而已，你说的永远都是别人的语言。要形成你自己的话语系统，充分正确表达自己的思想，你就需要一种强大的描述能力。只要大家模仿，复述和超级描述法融合在一起。在潜移默化之中，在循序渐进之中，你就会积累大量实用的英语表达，同时掌握了复述和描述的能力，从而达到流畅沟通的境界。丘吉尔经典演讲之：热血、汗水和眼泪BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARSWinston Churchill (May 13, 1940 ) On Frid

28、ay evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration. It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties. I have already completed the most important part of this tas

29、k. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation. It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitt

30、ing a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow. The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete

31、 in all respects. I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of todays proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. s at the earliest opportunity. I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution: That this House w