翻译理论与实践 Chapter 5Texture of the Sentence Structure.docx

1、翻译理论与实践 Chapter 5 Texture of the Sentence StructureChapter 5 Texture of the Sentence Structure 1. Word Order (P183-188) Chinese pays more attention to the languuage feel as a whole and sometimes the sound effect is also important while English tends to give emphasis to the focus of view.Eg. Mr Zhang

2、, Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部礼宾司张先生 东西南北 north, south, east and west every student of the class 班上每一个学生 Room 911 911房间 East China 华东Word Order：Inversion1）Its good youre so considerate. 你想得这样周到是很好的。（主语从句换序）2）Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer. 他过去是工人，现在当了工程师了。（同

3、位语换序）3）From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots. 从他们走上祖国土地的时刻起，他们就受到同胞们热情接待。（定语从句换序） 4）He witnessed the sixth post-war economic crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields in the USA. 他亲眼目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域

4、的经济危机。5）For this reason, our company explained solemnly to your company many times in February last year. 我公司为此于去年二月郑重地多次向贵公司解释。6）Its certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。/这一点是可以肯定的。(拆开名词从句)7）He is not happy, though he is rich. 他虽富有，但不幸福。8）Never have we seen so b

5、right a future before us! 我们从来都没看见过这样光明的前途。9）营业员说话要客气，绝对不能“气客”，把客人气跑。 Shop assistants should be polite to customers, not make customers angry and leave.10）小羊上山吃草。 The lamb went up the mountain and ate grass. 山羊吃上小草。 The goat has got young grass to eat./ The goat can now eat young grass. 上小山羊吃草。 Goin

6、g up the hill, the goat ate grass.2. Disjunctive Modifier (P188-190) Disjunctive Modifier: separate phrases or even independent clauses are preferred in the Chinese transaltion to bring out their exact meaning and be of a more natural word order. Eg. 1) She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cook

7、ing. 她对自己能做一手好菜感到自豪，这是可以理解的。 2) The accident was still horrifyingly present in the back of her mind. 她还隐隐约约记得那次事故，但是每次回忆起时，仍然会感到毛骨悚然。 3) Sometime, somewhere, some one is always bound to go mad. Where this happens, easily available guns can catastrophically worsen the result. 某些时候，在某个地方，总有人会生气。而这个时候如

8、果生气的人手头有枪，后果就更严重，造成灾难。4) When we feel faceless and unidentified, it is temptingly easy to do things we otherwise wouldnt. 在没有人认识我们，也没有人知道我们的身份的时候，我们会情不自禁地想做一些本来不会做的事。 Sometimes attributives can also be “Disjunctive”, eg. 1) Sometimes they view each other with regrettable suspicion. 有时他们互相怀疑，可事后又有点后悔

9、这样。 2) The negotiations were marked all the way by haggling over face-saving details. 整个谈判过程一直在为具体细节争论不休，其实只是为了要保住面子。3. Behind the Parallel Structure: the Conjunction And (P190-202) And in English is often used to connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that are to be taken jointly. In gramma

10、tical structure the parts joined by and are parallel. However, in some cases the meaning of the items joined by and may not be parallel.Eg. Customer: Can you give me a room and a bath? Hotel clerk: I can give you a room, but you have to take your own bath. (“bath” is secondary in meaning and refers

11、to 卫生间as part of the room)Another example: Our company supplies this new machine and all its parts. 本公司供应这种新机器及其所有部件。1) Sometimes the word after and modifies the word before it a necklace and gold 金项链（not 项链和金子） All the maids looked at her with eye and envy. 羡慕的眼神/光2) Sometimes and emphasizes differ

12、ent qualities of some thing rather than its multitudinousness. You can find doctors and doctors. 大夫跟大夫可不一样。（implying “you can find a much better doctor than the one you are seeing” or “this is really a good doctor much better than the ones you have seen”, etc.）3) Sometimes and means “very”. He was g

13、ood and angry. 他非常生气。4) And in spoken English means to replace the sign of infinitive to. Come and help me to lift these boxes. 来帮我抬一下这些箱子。5) Sometimes and (the tone of this pattern) shows the speaker thinks such things should not have been done or not in such a way, so blame is implied. And who has

14、 gone and told him about it? 谁那么缺德，竟然告诉了他？ Youve gone and woken him. Hes so tired out. 你怎么搞的，竟然把他吵醒了。他可是累坏了。6) And is used to express emphasis, that is, to introduce additional meaning. Farther out, some of the houses were strictly for shelter and barely that. 再往前，（严格地说，）有的房子只能遮遮风雨罢了，甚至连遮风避雨都不顶用。 Ho

15、wever, we still have shortcomings, and very big ones too. 但是我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。7) And in negative sentence implies a concession.Eg. I cannot go to Beijing and not see the Great Wall. 我若是到北京去，那就得去看长城。/我不能去了北京而不去看长城。 I couldnt see you, and not love you. 见到你，我不可能不一见钟情。8) And is often used to form metaphor

16、s.Eg. Secrets and edged tools must be kept from children. 犹如利器要放在孩子碰不到的地方，秘密也不要让孩子知道。 On painting and fighting, look aloof. 欣赏油画就好像看打架，要保持一定距离。 The usages and translation of or as another common conjunction in English1) She doesnt need your money or sympathy. 她既不需要你的钱，也不需要你的同情。（join a series of nega

17、tion） 2) A certain amount of care or pain or trouble is necessary for every man at all times. 对任何人而言，无论什么时候，一定的忧愁、痛苦或烦恼是必要的。（selection） 3) Put up or shut up. 忍住，要不就闭上嘴。（meaning “otherwise”） 4) Rain or shine, we are alive. 下雨也罢，天晴也罢，反正我们活着。（concession） 5) You know you have to work much harder, or you

18、ll be the last to catch up with the others. 你知道你必须大大加把劲，不然你就会落在最后跟不上。（result） 6) We think in terms of images that coincide or collide or stick together. 我们通过形象思考，这些形象有的重合，有的互相冲突，还有的缠在一起（enumeration） 7) He must have been ill, or he wouldnt have missed the meeting. 他一定是生病了，否则他不可能不出席会议。（inference）4. Th

19、e Conjunction When (P202-203)When 1) as an adverb (of time in most cases) 2) as a conjunction to bring out an adverbial clause of time 3) is often used to introduce other adverbial clauses, like concession, condition, etc. The meaning or the focus of the sentence will be different when when appears

20、in different positions. Eg.1) 表示突然发生某事或紧接着发生某事，常可译为“还没/刚刚就”，“正在忽然”或“正要这时”，主要用于“had donewhen，be doingwhen和be about to dowhen”这三个句式. Eg. I had hardly opened the door when the man hit me. 我刚打开门，那个人就打了我一拳。 I was reading a book attentively when an old friend came to see me. 我正在全神贯注地读一本书，忽然一位老友来访。 I was a

21、bout to swim in the river when the guide told me there was man-eating fish in it. 我正要下河游泳这时导游告诉我河里有食人鱼。2)表示对比，常可译为“本该/本可以却” Why are you here when you should be at school？ 你本应在上学，怎么会在这儿？ Why did you take a taxi when you could walk here within five minutes？ 你本来五分钟就可以走到这儿，为什么还打的？3)表示让步，常可译为“既然”或“在情况下”

22、How can they learn anything when they spend all their time watching TV？ 既然他们把所有的时间都花在了看电视上，又怎么会学到东西呢？5. Repetition Word and Word Repetition (P203-207)Translation of Repetitive Structures 1) Omission 这儿是宝地！要不是宝地，怎么人越来越多？ This is a lucky place; if it isnt, why do more and more people come to live here

23、? 我们能够去掉不良作风，保持优良作风。 We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good. 老师是桃花沟的李白、齐白石、钱钟书；老师是桃花沟的杨振宁、钱学森、华罗庚；老师是桃花沟的陶行知、马卡连科 (1) In the eyes of the villagers, he (the teacher) was no less than Li bai, Qi Baishi and Qian Zhongshu who are the Chinese greatest litterateurs and artists, no less than Yang

24、Zhenlin, Qian Xueshen and Hua Luogeng who are the Chinese greatest scientists, and no less than Tao Xingzhi and who are the greatest educators. （foreignization: to remain the SL cultural elements） (2) In the eyes of the villagers, he (the teacher) was no less than a great man of letters, a great art

25、ist, a great scientist as well as a great educator. （domestication: to convey the information） 不管跟人交朋友，还是跟书交朋友，都应该交好朋友。 One should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. 我们承诺：追求天人和谐，人际和谐，身心和谐，追求人人相亲，人人平等，天下为公，努力实现我们城市的和谐统一。（选自“世界历史文化名城市长论坛南京宣言” 2006年9月23日） We are committe

26、d to achieving harmony between man and nature, in people-to-people relationships, and in the development of urban societies. We will work for fraternity, equality, and justice. 2) Substitution 我们的民族将再也不是被人侮辱的民族了，我们已经站起来了。 Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have sto

27、od up. “妈，别听王奶奶的！王奶奶是个老顽固！” “Mum, dont listen to Granny Wang; shes an old diehard/fogy.” 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰苦的斗争。 The people of Africa are waging a hard struggle to win the complete emancipation of the continent. 你答应了帮助他就应当帮助他。 You should help him since you have promised to do so. 3) Combination 中国

28、人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。 The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution. 4) Partial Repetition 新民主主义的文化主张实事求是，主张客观真理，主张理论与实践的一致。 New democratic culture stands for seeking truth from facts, for objective truth and for the unity of t

29、heory and practice. 重重叠叠山， 曲曲环环路， 丁丁冬冬泉， 高高下下树。 The hills-range after range The trails-winding and climbing The creeks-murmuring and gurgling; The trees-high and lowly. 5) Complete Repetition 他们偷，他们抢，他们欺诈，谁也不敢惹他们。 They steal, they rob, they swindle; no one dares to cross their path. 6) Plural Nouns

30、for Repetition 战争是民族和民族，国家和国家，阶级和阶级，政治集团和政治集团之间的互相斗争的最高形式。 War is the highest form of struggle between nations, states, classes or political groups. 我们的国家现在还是一个很穷的国家。 Ours is still a very poor country. 你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。 You dont want to lag behind. Neither does she. 要采取果断措施，快出人才，多出人才。 Resolute measure

31、s must be taken to train able people in greater numbers and at a faster rate. 赶超世界先进水平，关键是时间。时间就是生命，时间就是速度，时间就是力量。 In catching up with and surpassing the worlds advanced levels, time is the key factor. Time means life, time means speed, and time means strength.6. Information Condensed in the Attributive Modifier (P207-222) Attributive Modifier can contain much information and help make the sentence succinct. When translating, we should analyze the semantic or logical relationship in order to bring out