精高中英语要考的所有名词性从句考点全.docx

1、精高中英语要考的所有名词性从句考点全高中英语要考的所有名词性从句考点名词性从句精讲从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句（包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连

2、接词可分为三类：（1）从属连接：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）（2）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.（3）连接副词：when, where, how, why一、主语从句做句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成

3、分。1. that引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence

4、. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。2. whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a pr

5、oblem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个，哪个就是你的。4. 连接副词引导When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How this happended is not clear to

6、 anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。5. 关系代词型what引导What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。What you need is a good-sized c

7、anvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。6.主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：Its a pity that he didnt come. 很遗憾他没来。It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。Its vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。It was intended that you be the candidate.

8、大家的意图是让你当候选人。It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。Its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。Its amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。Its unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。That they should refuse

9、to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.

10、它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？7.连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从

11、句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略 。如：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)8. 另外注意在主语从句中用来表示必须、理应如此、建议、要求等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange,

12、etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that二、宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词大致一样。1.宾语从句中引导词用法在复合句中做主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。连词：He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上

13、大学。I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试。that引导（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that引导的从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, f

14、eel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。如：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont

15、 think it is right for him to treat you like that.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim ,is he?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。We fi

16、nd that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are comin

17、g so soon, does she?在以下情况中that不能省略（1）当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better（2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk

18、 cap.（3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died.（4）当it作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。（5）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe（6）当that作learn, suggest ,explain ,agree ,wonder ,prove ,mean, state ,feel ,

19、hold等动词的宾语时;由whether,if当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not

20、he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the w

21、ork on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否 是真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is

22、 still a question她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：If you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 。只能用if不能用whether引导（1）if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.（2）if引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.（3）

23、引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好 像）时He talks as if he has known all about it.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。连接代词Who ,whom ,whose ,which ,what,在句

24、中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.连接副词When ,where ,why ,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。Could you please

25、tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。I dont know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?3.宾语从句的时态（1）时态： 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headm

26、aster hopes everything goes well.（2） 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.（3） 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.注意：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示“建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request；决定

27、 decide; 命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist”等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气）如：I suggested that you（should）study hardHe ordered that we should go out at once虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest ,order ,insist , propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。I wis

28、h I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，should 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the

29、clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。4.简化宾语从句的方法把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：（1）当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we w

30、ould help him.We decided to help him.（2）当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you

31、tell me how I can get to the station？Could you tell me how to get to the station？（3）当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.The headmaster ordered us to start at once.（4）某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born.The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.（5）某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：