完整版软件工程问答题.docx

1、完整版软件工程问答题Chapter 1 - Test Questions1. How does software differ from the artifacts produced by other engineering disciplines?Answer (Section 1.1):Software is both a product and a vehicle for delivering a product. As a product, software is an information transformer. As a vehicle for delivering a pro

2、duct, software serves as a basis for computer control, communication, and creation of other programs.2. How do software characteristics differ from hardware characteristics?Answer (Section 1.2):Software is developed, not manufactured. Software does not wear out. Most software is custom built, not as

3、sembled out of components.Final Exam Question3. Explain what is wrong with the notion that computer software does not need to evolve over time.Answer (Section1.1):Computer software must be revised as errors are discovered and corrected. Software must be updated to accommodate changes in the computin

4、g environment. Many times a customer will request changes to add new functions to an existing product or to accommodate changes in the business environment. Sometimes an older system will need to be reengineered to provide benefits to the user in a modern context. The bottom line is that software th

5、at does not evolve will eventually become unusable. Chapter 2 - Test Questions1. List three areas in which process models may differ from one another.Answer (Section 2.2):Overall flow and level of interdependencies among tasksDegree to which work tasks are defined within each framework activityDegre

6、e to which work products are identified and requiredManner in which quality assurance activities are appliedManner in which project tracking and control activities are appliedOverall degree of detail and rigor of process descriptionDegree to which stakeholders are involved in the projectLevel of aut

7、onomy given to project teamDegree to which team organization and roles are prescribed2. Describe how Polyas problem solving principles describe the essence of engineering practice?Answer (Section 2.3): Understand the problem (communication and analysis) Plan a solution (modeling and design) Carry ou

8、t the plan (code generation) Examine the result for accuracy (testing and quality assurance)Final Exam Question1. Describe the relationships among software engineering process, methods, and tools.Answer (Section2.1):Software process defines the framework that must be established for effective delive

9、ry of software engineering technology, by providing a context by which the software engineering methods are applied. Software engineering methods provide the technical how-tos for building software. Software engineering tools provide automated or semi-automated support for software engineering proce

10、ss and methods. Chapter 3 - Test Questions1. How are tasks, actions, and activities related to software process models? Answer (Section 3.1):A software process is made up of activities. Each activity is defined by a set of engineering actions. Each activity is defined by a task set that indentifies

11、the work items to be completed. 2. How does software team choose the task set for a particular project?Answer (Section 3.3): The software chooses the task set based on the characteristics of the team, the project, and the problem to be solved.3. How can process patterns assist a development team bui

12、ld software products efficiently?Answer (Section 3.4):Process patterns are proven solutions to commonly encountered development problems. If developers can recognize that that this is problem seen before they can use a previously known means of solving it, without have to take the time to invent a n

13、ew solution. Final Exam Questions1. Why it important for software processes to be agile? Answer (Chapter 3 Overview):Software process provides the stability, control, and organization to an activity to prevent it from becoming chaotic. Yet, modern software processes must only demand the activities,

14、controls, and work products that are appropriate for the team and product to be produced to ensure that it can accommodate changes easily and deliver a high quality software product.Chapter 4 - Test Questions 1. Describe the phases of the prototyping model for software development? Answer (Section 4

15、.1.3):Requirements are gathered by having the customer and developer meet and identify whatever objectives and requirements they can. Quick design follows, focusing on representation of the software that will be visible to the customer. A prototype is constructed by the developer and evaluated by th

16、e customer and used to refine the requirements. Iteration occurs and the prototype is tuned to satisfy the customers needs.2. What are the primary advantages of the component-based process model for software engineering?Answer (Section 4.2.1): Component-based process models promote software reuse an

17、d reusability and can result in: 70% reduction in development cycle times, 84% reduction in project costs, and 70% increase in productivity. 3. Why has the Personal Software Process not been widely adopted by industry?Answer (Section 2.6.1):PSP is intellectually challenging and demands a level of co

18、mmitment (e.g. lengthy and costly training required) that is not always possible to obtain. In addition the required level of measurement is culturally hard for many software practitioners. Final Exam Questions4. Why are evolutionary models considered by many to be the best approach to software deve

19、lopment in a modern context? Answer (Section 4.1.3):Because time lines for the development of modern software are getting shorter and shorter, customers are becoming more diverse (making the understanding of requirements even harder), and changes to requirements are becoming even more common (before

20、 delivery), we need a way to provide incremental or evolutionary delivery. The evolutionary process accommodates uncertainty better than most process models, allows the delivery of partial solutions in an orderly and planned manner, and most importantly, reflects what really happens when complex sys

21、tems are built.Chapter 5 - Test Questions 2. List the key issues stressed by an agile philosophy of software engineering. Answer (Section 5.7): The importance of self-organizing teams Communication and collaboration between team members and customers Recognition that change represents opportunity Em

22、phasis on rapid delivery of software that satisfies the customer 3. What are the tradeoffs proposes by the “Manifesto for Agile Software Development”? Answer (Section 5.1):Individuals and interactions valued over processes and toolsWorking software valued over comprehensive documentationCustomer col

23、laboration valued over contract negotiationResponding to change valued over following a plan4. Describe the role of customers and end-users on an agile process team?Answer (Section 5.4): Customers and end-users participate as full collaborators on agile process teams. They are the source of informat

24、ion used to create use cases and provided needed information on the business value of proposed software feature and functionality. They also provide much needed feedback on operational prototypes during incremental delivery of software increments.Final Exam Question1. Describe the three key assumpti

25、ons regarding software projects that every agile software process must address. Answer (Section 5.3): It is difficult to predict in advance which software requirements and customer priorities will change and which will not.For many types of software design and construction must be interleaved, it is

26、 difficult to predict how much design is needed before construction can be used to prove the design.Analysis, design, construction, and testing are not always predictable processes and this makes planning difficult.Chapter 6 - Test Questions 5. List the key attributes of an effective software teams.

27、 Answer (Section 6.3):Sense of purposeSense of involvementSense of trustSense of improvementDiversity of team member skill sets 6. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the random paradigm team structure? Answer (Section 6.4):The random paradigm depends on the initiative of individual team member

28、s. Good when innovation or technological breakthrough is needed. These teams struggle when orderly performance is required.7. Describe the five values held by XP teams?Answer (Section 6.5): Communication close informal verbal communication among team members and stakeholders and establishing meaning

29、 for metaphors as part of continuous feedbackSimplicity design for immediate needs nor future needsFeedback derives from the implemented software, the customer, and other team membersCourage the discipline to resist pressure to design for unspecified future requirementsRespect among team members and

30、 stakeholders.Final Exam Question2. List environment characteristics that can be considered toxic to software teams. Answer (Section 6.3): Frenzied work atmosphereHigh frustration that causes friction among team membersFragmented or poorly coordinated software processUnclear definition of roles on t

31、he software teamContinuous and repeated exposure to failureDiffering and incompatible team member human traitsChapter 8 - Test Questions1. What are the six steps for requirements engineering?Answer (Section 8.1):InceptionElicitationElaborationNegotiationSpecificationRequirements validation2. Describ

32、e the job of the requirements engineer with respect to stakeholder collaboration?Answer (Section 8.2.3):The requirements engineer needs to identify areas of stakeholder commonality, conflict, and inconsistency on the desired needs or features.3. What are the benefits of using analysis patterns during the analysis modeling process?Answer (Section 8.5.2):Patterns suggest solutions (a class, a function,