完整版软件工程问答题.docx

完整版软件工程问答题.docx

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完整版软件工程问答题

Chapter1-TestQuestions

1.Howdoessoftwaredifferfromtheartifactsproducedbyotherengineeringdisciplines?

Answer（Section1.1）:

Softwareisbothaproductandavehiclefordeliveringaproduct.Asaproduct,softwareisaninformationtransformer.Asavehiclefordeliveringaproduct,softwareservesasabasisforcomputercontrol,communication,andcreationofotherprograms.

2.Howdosoftwarecharacteristicsdifferfromhardwarecharacteristics?

Answer（Section1.2）:

Softwareisdeveloped,notmanufactured.Softwaredoesnotwearout.Mostsoftwareiscustombuilt,notassembledoutofcomponents.

FinalExamQuestion

3.Explainwhatiswrongwiththenotionthatcomputersoftwaredoesnotneedtoevolveovertime.

Answer（Section1.1）:

Computersoftwaremustberevisedaserrorsarediscoveredandcorrected.Softwaremustbeupdatedtoaccommodatechangesinthecomputingenvironment.Manytimesacustomerwillrequestchangestoaddnewfunctionstoanexistingproductortoaccommodatechangesinthebusinessenvironment.Sometimesanoldersystemwillneedtobereengineeredtoprovidebenefitstotheuserinamoderncontext.Thebottomlineisthatsoftwarethatdoesnotevolvewilleventuallybecomeunusable.

Chapter2-TestQuestions

1.Listthreeareasinwhichprocessmodelsmaydifferfromoneanother.

Answer（Section2.2）:

Overallflowandlevelofinterdependenciesamongtasks

Degreetowhichworktasksaredefinedwithineachframeworkactivity

Degreetowhichworkproductsareidentifiedandrequired

Mannerinwhichqualityassuranceactivitiesareapplied

Mannerinwhichprojecttrackingandcontrolactivitiesareapplied

Overalldegreeofdetailandrigorofprocessdescription

Degreetowhichstakeholdersareinvolvedintheproject

Levelofautonomygiventoprojectteam

Degreetowhichteamorganizationandrolesareprescribed

2.DescribehowPolya’sproblemsolvingprinciplesdescribetheessenceofengineeringpractice?

Answer（Section2.3）:

∙Understandtheproblem（communicationandanalysis）

∙Planasolution（modelinganddesign）

∙Carryouttheplan（codegeneration）

∙Examinetheresultforaccuracy（testingandqualityassurance）

FinalExamQuestion

1.Describetherelationshipsamongsoftwareengineeringprocess,methods,andtools.

Answer（Section2.1）:

Softwareprocessdefinestheframeworkthatmustbeestablishedforeffectivedeliveryofsoftwareengineeringtechnology,byprovidingacontextbywhichthesoftwareengineeringmethodsareapplied.Softwareengineeringmethodsprovidethetechnicalhow-to’sforbuildingsoftware.Softwareengineeringtoolsprovideautomatedorsemi-automatedsupportforsoftwareengineeringprocessandmethods.

Chapter3-TestQuestions

1.Howaretasks,actions,andactivitiesrelatedtosoftwareprocessmodels?

Answer（Section3.1）:

Asoftwareprocessismadeupofactivities.Eachactivityisdefinedbyasetofengineeringactions.Eachactivityisdefinedbyatasksetthatindentifiestheworkitemstobecompleted.

2.Howdoessoftwareteamchoosethetasksetforaparticularproject?

Answer（Section3.3）:

Thesoftwarechoosesthetasksetbasedonthecharacteristicsoftheteam,theproject,andtheproblemtobesolved.

3.Howcanprocesspatternsassistadevelopmentteambuildsoftwareproductsefficiently?

Answer（Section3.4）:

Processpatternsareprovensolutionstocommonlyencountereddevelopmentproblems.Ifdeveloperscanrecognizethatthatthisisproblemseenbeforetheycanuseapreviouslyknownmeansofsolvingit,withouthavetotakethetimetoinventanewsolution.

FinalExamQuestions

1.Whyitimportantforsoftwareprocessestobeagile?

Answer（Chapter3Overview）:

Softwareprocessprovidesthestability,control,andorganizationtoanactivitytopreventitfrombecomingchaotic.Yet,modernsoftwareprocessesmustonlydemandtheactivities,controls,andworkproductsthatareappropriatefortheteamandproducttobeproduced–toensurethatitcanaccommodatechangeseasilyanddeliverahighqualitysoftwareproduct.

Chapter4-TestQuestions

1.Describethephasesoftheprototypingmodelforsoftwaredevelopment?

Answer（Section4.1.3）:

Requirementsaregatheredbyhavingthecustomeranddevelopermeetandidentifywhateverobjectivesandrequirementstheycan.Quickdesignfollows,focusingonrepresentationofthesoftwarethatwillbevisibletothecustomer.Aprototypeisconstructedbythedeveloperandevaluatedbythecustomerandusedtorefinetherequirements.Iterationoccursandtheprototypeistunedtosatisfythecustomer'sneeds.

2.Whataretheprimaryadvantagesofthecomponent-basedprocessmodelforsoftwareengineering?

Answer（Section4.2.1）:

Component-basedprocessmodelspromotesoftwarereuseandreusabilityandcanresultin:

70%reductionindevelopmentcycletimes,84%reductioninprojectcosts,and70%increaseinproductivity.

3.WhyhasthePersonalSoftwareProcessnotbeenwidelyadoptedbyindustry?

Answer（Section2.6.1）:

PSPisintellectuallychallenginganddemandsalevelofcommitment（e.g.lengthyandcostlytrainingrequired）thatisnotalwayspossibletoobtain.Inadditiontherequiredlevelofmeasurementisculturallyhardformanysoftwarepractitioners.

FinalExamQuestions

4.Whyareevolutionarymodelsconsideredbymanytobethebestapproachtosoftwaredevelopmentinamoderncontext?

Answer（Section4.1.3）:

Becausetimelinesforthedevelopmentofmodernsoftwarearegettingshorterandshorter,customersarebecomingmorediverse（makingtheunderstandingofrequirementsevenharder）,andchangestorequirementsarebecomingevenmorecommon（beforedelivery）,weneedawaytoprovideincrementalorevolutionarydelivery.Theevolutionaryprocessaccommodatesuncertaintybetterthanmostprocessmodels,allowsthedeliveryofpartialsolutionsinanorderlyandplannedmanner,andmostimportantly,reflectswhatreallyhappenswhencomplexsystemsarebuilt.

Chapter5-TestQuestions

2.Listthekeyissuesstressedbyanagilephilosophyofsoftwareengineering.

Answer（Section5.7）:

Theimportanceofself-organizingteams

Communicationandcollaborationbetweenteammembersandcustomers

Recognitionthatchangerepresentsopportunity

Emphasisonrapiddeliveryofsoftwarethatsatisfiesthecustomer

3.Whatarethetradeoffsproposesbythe“ManifestoforAgileSoftwareDevelopment”?

Answer（Section5.1）:

Individualsandinteractionsvaluedoverprocessesandtools

Workingsoftwarevaluedovercomprehensivedocumentation

Customercollaborationvaluedovercontractnegotiation

Respondingtochangevaluedoverfollowingaplan

4.Describetheroleofcustomersandend-usersonanagileprocessteam?

Answer（Section5.4）:

Customersandend-usersparticipateasfullcollaboratorsonagileprocessteams.Theyarethesourceofinformationusedtocreateusecasesandprovidedneededinformationonthebusinessvalueofproposedsoftwarefeatureandfunctionality.Theyalsoprovidemuchneededfeedbackonoperationalprototypesduringincrementaldeliveryofsoftwareincrements.

FinalExamQuestion

1.Describethethreekeyassumptionsregardingsoftwareprojectsthateveryagilesoftwareprocessmustaddress.

Answer（Section5.3）:

Itisdifficulttopredictinadvancewhichsoftwarerequirementsandcustomerprioritieswillchangeandwhichwillnot.

Formanytypesofsoftwaredesignandconstructionmustbeinterleaved,itisdifficulttopredicthowmuchdesignisneededbeforeconstructioncanbeusedtoprovethedesign.

Analysis,design,construction,andtestingarenotalwayspredictableprocessesandthismakesplanningdifficult.

Chapter6-TestQuestions

5.Listthekeyattributesofaneffectivesoftwareteams.

Answer（Section6.3）:

Senseofpurpose

Senseofinvolvement

Senseoftrust

Senseofimprovement

Diversityofteammemberskillsets

6.Describethestrengthsandweaknessesoftherandomparadigmteamstructure?

Answer（Section6.4）:

Therandomparadigmdependsontheinitiativeofindividualteammembers.Goodwheninnovationortechnologicalbreakthroughisneeded.Theseteamsstrugglewhenorderlyperformanceisrequired.

7.DescribethefivevaluesheldbyXPteams?

Answer（Section6.5）:

Communication–closeinformalverbalcommunicationamongteammembersandstakeholdersandestablishingmeaningformetaphorsaspartofcontinuousfeedback

Simplicity–designforimmediateneedsnorfutureneeds

Feedback–derivesfromtheimplementedsoftware,thecustomer,andotherteammembers

Courage–thedisciplinetoresistpressuretodesignforunspecifiedfuturerequirements

Respect–amongteammembersandstakeholders

.

FinalExamQuestion

2.Listenvironmentcharacteristicsthatcanbeconsideredtoxictosoftwareteams.

Answer（Section6.3）:

Frenziedworkatmosphere

Highfrustrationthatcausesfrictionamongteammembers

Fragmentedorpoorlycoordinatedsoftwareprocess

Uncleardefinitionofrolesonthesoftwareteam

Continuousandrepeatedexposuretofailure

Differingandincompatibleteammemberhumantraits

Chapter8-TestQuestions

1.Whatarethesixstepsforrequirementsengineering?

Answer（Section8.1）:

Inception

Elicitation

Elaboration

Negotiation

Specification

Requirementsvalidation

2.Describethejoboftherequirementsengineerwithrespecttostakeholdercollaboration?

Answer（Section8.2.3）:

Therequirementsengineerneedstoidentifyareasofstakeholdercommonality,conflict,andinconsistencyonthedesiredneedsorfeatures.

3.Whatarethebenefitsofusinganalysispatternsduringtheanalysismodelingprocess?

Answer（Section8.5.2）:

Patternssuggestsolutions（aclass,afunction,