高考英语考点词汇精讲A.docx

1、高考英语考点词汇精讲A高考英语考点词汇精讲一、短语动词的构成英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式:1.动词 + 介词I agree with (与看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class.2.动词 + 副词I cant figure out (理解)why he said that.Uncle Tom passed away (去世)m

2、any years ago.3.动词 + 副词+ 介词We dont go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing.I couldnt put up with (忍受)the noise any longer.在动词+副词+介词的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开.另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较:(1) The lights went out.(2) He put on his coat and went out.例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由动词+副词构成的短语动词.例(2)中

3、的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语. 一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，会有两种情况：一是其应用语境和词义会有不同；二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是，可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give”，I will give，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例，“listen”，I am listening，意

4、思完整，不用加宾语意思就完整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listen to me，一定要加介词。 例如：The children are listening to the music. （listen是不及物动词)We study English everyday.(study是及物动词)二、及物与不及物短语动词由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时

5、又可能是不及物的.He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)There is often a spectators balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词)及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。The 16th National Book

6、 Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（错误）在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语；如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成：The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（正确）及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用

7、于：主谓宾；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, t

8、ake, tell.b主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与：主谓结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类

9、似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt.种植

10、 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味）vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言）hang vi. 悬挂 vt.绞死operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作高考英语考点词汇精讲1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词 2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去

11、分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind

12、和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作

13、忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle

14、, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(

15、即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与

16、get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone与missing

17、：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the mor

18、ning every day.20、begin与startbegin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。21、allow 与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find与found

19、find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My

20、 watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与sorry excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与care to do care for其后

21、要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲

22、钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for,

23、 look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in 高考英语考点词汇精讲as作关系代词。引导限制性定语从句，用在“suchas”, “the sameas”，“

24、asas”等结构中，常译作“像一样的人(或物)”，“凡是的人(或物)”。 He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. 他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。As is well known，oceans cover more than 70 of the earth. 我们知道，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。含as的固定词组的用法

25、;1. as soon as作“一就”解，引导时间状语从句。As soon as I get to Beijing，Ill write to you. 我一到北京，就给你写信。2. asso long as作“只要”解，AsSo long as you study hard，youll make progress. 只要你努力，你就会取得进步。3. as ifthough常用来引导方式状语从句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况，则用虚拟语气。She loves the child as ifthough he were her own. 她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。As ift

26、hough也可用来引导表语从句，常用在“It appearslooksseems+as ifthough”句型结构中。It appears as ifthough it is going to clear up. 看起来天要晴了。 It seems as ifthough he knew nothing about it.他好像对此事一无所知。4. as to作“关于，至于”解。There is no doubt as to his honesty. 他的诚实是无可置疑的。 5. as muchmany as作“多达”，“达到之多”解。He can earn as much as 5000 d

27、ollars a month. 他每月能挣5000美元。6. soas far as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入语。e.g.：AsSo far as I know，he will come here next Monday. 据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。7. as a result，as a result of表示“由于的结果”。 She died as a direct result of the accident. 她的死是那次事故的直接结果。8. as well为“也，还”之意。Come early，and bring your brother as well. 早

28、点来，把你的弟弟也带来。9. so as to，so. . . as to若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。He studied hard so as to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的) parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. Which C. What D. AsThe British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is often

29、 the case in other countries. A. as B. that C. so D. itLook at the watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day?A. as the same ; as B. the same ; as C. the same ; which D. as the same ; that高考英语考点词汇精讲carry =performing/doingcarry out执行；实现；完成 The school is carrying out a new plan.carry

30、 off夺走 carry on继续 carry through把进行到底Some politics cant _ because of some reasons.A. carry out B. be carried out C. be carried away D. be carried outThe managers discussed the plan that they would like to see it _ next year.A. carry out B. carried out C. be carried out D. carry on _ a moment and I wi

31、ll go to your rescue.A. Carry on B. Hold on C. Move to D. Go onas far as 对比：as long as和as soon as远到；直到； 到为止，用来加强语气The woods stretch as far as the seaside. That day I walked with her as far as the railway station. 至于； 就而言As far as I know, Congfei is really a great volunteer. Your plan is good as far as it goes. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order thatset aside保留；储蓄金钱；不顾 近义：put sth. a