Sense Relations 英语词汇学--词义的联系.docx

1、Sense RelationsAbstract:As the carriers of culture, the language is a tool that the mankind exchanged the thought each other. Generally,the persons thinking to rely on language and using language to express.Therefore,English vocabulary system a system of the English language system,the sense of a wo

2、rdinthe whole vocabulary system isconnected with each other. Or even we can say,themeaning of words in vocabulary system is through the mutual connection to the apparent.The relationship between the sensesismultifarious.There are major types of sense relations: synonymy,antonymy,hyponym.As well as w

3、e called semantic field.Key words:semantic field,synonymy, antonymy, hyponym.1 Introduction2Semantic FieldThe definition of semantic field is a term to refer to the phenomenon that vocabulary is an integrated system interrelated in sense and can be divided into semantically related sets or fields. W

4、ords in eachsemantic field defineone another.When a text (anything with words, whether it be spoken or written) has a topic or subject that a group of words relate to. Ifan articleof writing included the words, such as heart, flower, love, music, passion the semantic field would most likely be consi

5、dered love”. A semantic field of loveand alsothe wordmay beregardedas flowery or even“feminine”.An animal field which contains all kinds of words that denote animals, or a cookingfield which includes various words related to cooking, and so on.Let us look at some moreexamplesofsemantic fields:a. Veh

6、icle: car, lorry, truck, coach, motorbike, taxi.b.Building:factory, hospital, house,church, apartment.c.Run:race, dash, scamper, scurry, scuttle, scramble, dart.d.Vegetable:cauliflower,eggplant, pepper, onion, tomato.2.1 Function ofSemanticFieldWe know that the meaningof semantic fielddoes not exist

7、 in the word itself, but itrather spreads over the neighboring words,due tothe neighboring words identify the semantic field and help pin down the meaning. Forexample, rose operates in contrast with tulip and dahlia in one semantic field, so it is a flower. In contrast with red and purple in another

8、, it becomes a kind of color. Take the word captain. He is a captain does not mean very much until we know the semantic field in which captain operates. We know what captain means in the merchant service, in the navy or in the army only when we know whether his subordinate is called mate, commander

9、or lieutenant. Comparethe following words:orangeorange: red, blue, yellow (color)orange: pear, apple, peach (fruit)orange: coke,Pepsi,coca-cola(drink)Meanwhile, the features of the fieldsemanticare contiguity and understanding hierarchy.The classification of it includessynonymy, antonymy, hyponym.3S

10、ynonymsSynonymsaredifferent words with identical or very similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy.There are two kinds of synonyms: perfect synonyms and partial synonyms.3.1PerfectSynonymsPerfect synonyms:are fully identi

11、cal and can be interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in associative meaning. Rare, but exist; usually scientific terms.This kind of synonyms are rare and may be found in special terminology such ascompounding and composition, word-building and word-formation, voiceless cons

12、onant and breathed consonant, fricative and spirant, malnutrition and undernourishment, etc.Only some of the words in a certain context can replace use and does not affect the meaning of the sentence. In the phrases of to best ones opponent and to worst ones opponent,the antonyms of best and worst a

13、lso can replace to use.3.2PartialSynonymsPartialsynonyms share the nearly same or similar basic meaning, but still denote differences in other meanings, like conceptual meaning and associative meaning, and usages. E.g. change （to change a thing is to put another thing in its place） alter (to alter a

14、 thing is to make it different from which it was before)vary (to vary a thing is to alter it in different manner and at different times).A man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.And the othersynonyms, likesilent/tacit;shine/glitter/sparkle/glare;different/vario

15、us;idle/lazy/indolent; strange/odd/queer;large/huge/tremendous/colossal; beautiful/ pretty/ handsome/ faire/ lovely; big/ large/ greatand so on.Synonymous idioms:Synonymous relationship between words exist in constantly, also may exist between the idioms.3.3Source ofSynonymsSource of synonyms A. historical reason: a) Anglo-Saxon (native);b) French, Latin, Greek (foreign elements) borrowedPatterns: doublets: native words borrowed homely domestic house mansion triplets: Anglo-Saxon French Latin rise mount ascend.B.geographical reason American/British English dialect: girl lass.C.Lin