最新权威SAD名词解释注.docx

1、最新权威SAD名词解释注最新权威SAD名词解释(注) Chapter 1 application architecture plan a description of the integrated information systems that the organization needs to carry out its business functions automation boundary the separation between the automated part of a system and the manual part of a system business pr

2、ocess reengineering a technique that seeks to alter the nature of the work done in a business function, with the objective of radically improving performance communication support systems support systems that allow employees to communicate with each other and with customers and suppliers customer re

3、lationship management (CRM) processes that support marketing, sales, and service operations involving direct and indirect customer interaction decision support systems (DSS) support systems that allow a user to explore the impact of available options or decisions enterprise resource planning (ERP) a

4、 process in which an organization commits to using an integrated set of software packages for key information systems executive information systems (EIS) information systems for executives to use for monitoring the competitive environment and for strategic planning functional decomposition dividing

5、a system into components based on subsystems that in turn are further divided into subsystems information system a collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to complete business tasks information systems strategic plan the plan d

6、efining the technology and applications that the information systems function needs to support the organizations strategic plan Chapter 2 analysis phase the phase of the SDLC whose objective is to understand the user needs and develop requirements application the portion of the new information syste

7、m that satisfies the users needs in the problem domain CASE tool a computer-aided system engineering tool designed to help a systems analyst complete development tasks class diagram a graphical model used in the object-oriented approach to show all of the classes of objects in the system data flow d

8、iagram (DFD) a graphical model showing the inputs, processes, storage, and outputs of a system produced in structured analysis design phase the phase of the SDLC during which the system and programs are designed entity-relationship diagram (ERD) a graphical model of the data needed by a system, incl

9、uding things about which information is stored and the relationships among them, produced in structured analysis and information engineering help desk the availability of support staff to assist users with any technical or processing problem associated with an information system implementation phase

10、 the phase of the SDLC during which the new system is programmed and installed incremental development a development approach that completes parts of a system in one or more iterations and puts them into operation for users information engineering a traditional system development methodology thought

11、 to be more rigorous and complete than the structured approach, because of its focus on strategic planning, data modeling, and automated tools model 模型a representation of an important aspect of the real world object 对象a thing in the computer system that can respond to messages object-oriented analys

12、is (OOA) 面向对象分析defining all of the types of objects that do the work in the system and showing what user interactions are required to complete tasks object-oriented approach 面向对象方法an approach to system development that views an information system as a collection of interacting objects that work toge

13、ther to accomplish tasks object-oriented design (OOD) 面向对象设计defining all of the types of objects necessary to communicate with people and devices in the system, showing how objects interact to complete tasks, and refining the definition of each type of object so it can be implemented with a specific

14、 language or environment object-oriented programming (OOP) writing statements in a programming language to define what each type of object does, including the messages that the objects send to each other phase related system development activities, which are grouped into categories of project planni

15、ng, analysis, design, implementation, and support planning phase the initial phase of the SDLC, whose objective is to identify the scope of the new system and plan the project problem domain the area of the users business for which a system is being developed project a planned undertaking that has a

16、 beginning and an end, and that produces a desired result or product repository a database that stores information about the system in a CASE tool, including models, descriptions, and references that link the various models togethersociotechnical systems information systems that include both social

17、and technical subsystems designed to work well together structure chart a graphical model showing the hierarchy of program modules produced by the structured design technique structured analysis a technique that helps the developer define what the system needs to do (the processing requirements), wh

18、at data the system needs to store and use (data requirements), what inputs and outputs are needed, and how the functions work together as a whole to accomplish tasks structured approach system development using structured analysis, structured design, and structured programming techniques structured

19、design a technique providing guidelines for deciding what the set of programs in an IS should be, what each program should accomplish, and how the programs should be organized into a hierarchy structured program a program or program module that has one beginning and one ending, and for which each st

20、ep in the program execution consists of sequence, decision, or repetition constructs support phase the phase of the SDLC whose objective is to keep the system running productively after it is installed system development methodology comprehensive guidelines to follow for completing every activity in

21、 the systems development life cycle, including specific models, tools, and techniques systems development life cycle (SDLC) a project management framework organized into phases and activities technique a collection of guidelines that help an analyst complete a system development activity or task too

22、l software support that helps create models or other components required in the project top-down programming dividing more complex programs into a hierarchy of program modules Unified Process (UP) an object-oriented system development methodology offered by Rational Software waterfall approach 瀑布法an

23、 approach to executing an SDLC in which one phase leads (falls) sequentially into the next phase Chapter 3 breakeven point 盈亏平衡点the point in time where the dollar benefits have offset the dollar costs business benefits the benefits that accrue to the organization; often measured in monetary terms cl

24、ient 顾客the person or group who funds the project context diagram a data flow diagram (DFD) showing the scope of a system cost/benefit analysis 盈亏分析the analysis to compare costs and benefits to see whether investing in the development of a new system will be beneficial critical path a sequence of tas

25、ks that cannot be delayed without causing the project to be completed late Gantt chart 甘特图a bar chart that represents the tasks and activities of the project schedule intangible benefits benefits that accrue to the organization but which cannot be measured quantitatively or estimated accurately net

26、present value (NPV) the present value of dollar benefits and costs for an investment such as a new system oversight committee clients and key managers who review and direct the project payback period 回收期the time period where the dollar benefits have offset the dollar costs PERT/CPM a technique for s

27、cheduling a project based on individual tasks or activities return on investment (ROI) 投资收益率a measure of the percentage gain from an investment such as a new system project management organizing and directing other people to achieve a planned result within a predetermined schedule and budget proof o

28、f concept prototype a very preliminary prototype built to illustrate that a solution to a business need is feasible system scope document a documentcontaining description, business benefits, and system capabilities to help define the scope of a new system tangible benefits benefits that can be measu

29、red or estimated in terms of dollars and that accrue to the organization tracking Gantt chart 跟踪甘特图a type of Gantt chart that indicates the current date and percentage of work completed for each task user 用户the person or group of persons who will use the new system weighted scoring a method to prior

30、itize projects based on criteria with unequal weights work breakdown structure (WBS) 工作分解结构the hierarchy of phases, activities, and tasks of a project; one method to estimate and schedule the tasks of a project Chapter 4 activity diagram a type of workflow diagram that describes the user activities

31、and their sequential flow closed-ended questions 封闭式问题questions that have a simple, definitive answer functional requirement 功能需求a system requirement that describes an activity or process that the system must perform group support system (GSS) a computer system that enables multiple people to partic

32、ipate with comments at the same time, each on the users own computer joint application design (JAD) a technique to define requirements or design a system in a single session by having all necessary people participate logical model any model that shows what the system is required to do without committing to any one technology mock-up an example of a final product that is f