最新权威SAD名词解释注.docx
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最新权威SAD名词解释注
最新权威SAD名词解释(注)
Chapter1
applicationarchitectureplan
adescriptionoftheintegratedinformationsystemsthattheorganizationneedstocarryoutitsbusinessfunctions
automationboundary
theseparationbetweentheautomatedpartofasystemandthemanualpartofasystem
businessprocessreengineering
atechniquethatseekstoalterthenatureoftheworkdoneinabusinessfunction,withtheobjectiveofradicallyimprovingperformance
communicationsupportsystems
supportsystemsthatallowemployeestocommunicatewitheachotherandwithcustomersandsuppliers
customerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)
processesthatsupportmarketing,sales,andserviceoperationsinvolvingdirectandindirectcustomerinteraction
decisionsupportsystems
(DSS)
supportsystemsthatallowausertoexploretheimpactofavailableoptionsordecisions
enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)
aprocessinwhichanorganizationcommitstousinganintegratedsetofsoftwarepackagesforkeyinformationsystems
executiveinformationsystems(EIS)
informationsystemsforexecutivestouseformonitoringthecompetitiveenvironmentandforstrategicplanning
functionaldecomposition
dividingasystemintocomponentsbasedonsubsystemsthatinturnarefurtherdividedintosubsystems
informationsystem
acollectionofinterrelatedcomponentsthatcollect,process,store,andprovideasoutputtheinformationneededtocompletebusinesstasks
informationsystems
strategicplan
theplandefiningthetechnologyandapplicationsthattheinformationsystemsfunctionneedstosupporttheorganization’sstrategicplan
Chapter2
analysisphase
thephaseoftheSDLCwhoseobjectiveistounderstandtheuserneedsanddeveloprequirements
application
theportionofthenewinformationsystemthatsatisfiestheuser’sneedsintheproblemdomain
CASEtool
acomputer-aidedsystemengineeringtooldesignedtohelpasystemsanalystcompletedevelopmenttasks
classdiagram
agraphicalmodelusedintheobject-orientedapproachtoshowalloftheclassesofobjectsinthesystem
dataflowdiagram(DFD)
agraphicalmodelshowingtheinputs,processes,storage,andoutputsofasystemproducedinstructuredanalysis
designphase
thephaseoftheSDLCduringwhichthesystemandprogramsaredesigned
entity-relationshipdiagram(ERD)
agraphicalmodelofthedataneededbyasystem,includingthingsaboutwhichinformationisstoredandtherelationshipsamongthem,producedinstructuredanalysisandinformationengineering
helpdesk
theavailabilityofsupportstafftoassistuserswithanytechnicalorprocessingproblemassociatedwithaninformationsystem
implementationphase
thephaseoftheSDLCduringwhichthenewsystemisprogrammedandinstalled
incrementaldevelopment
adevelopmentapproachthatcompletespartsofasysteminoneormoreiterationsandputsthemintooperationforusers
informationengineering
atraditionalsystemdevelopmentmethodologythoughttobemorerigorousandcompletethanthestructuredapproach,becauseofitsfocusonstrategicplanning,datamodeling,andautomatedtools
model模型
arepresentationofanimportantaspectoftherealworld
object对象
athinginthecomputersystemthatcanrespondtomessages
object-orientedanalysis(OOA)面向对象分析
definingallofthetypesofobjectsthatdotheworkinthesystemandshowingwhatuserinteractionsarerequiredtocompletetasks
object-orientedapproach面向对象方法
anapproachtosystemdevelopmentthatviewsaninformationsystemasacollectionofinteractingobjectsthatworktogethertoaccomplishtasks
object-orienteddesign(OOD)面向对象设计
definingallofthetypesofobjectsnecessarytocommunicatewithpeopleanddevicesinthesystem,showinghowobjectsinteracttocompletetasks,andrefiningthedefinitionofeachtypeofobjectsoitcanbeimplementedwithaspecificlanguageorenvironment
object-orientedprogramming(OOP)
writingstatementsinaprogramminglanguagetodefinewhateachtypeofobjectdoes,includingthemessagesthattheobjectssendtoeachother
phase
relatedsystemdevelopmentactivities,whicharegroupedintocategoriesofprojectplanning,analysis,design,implementation,andsupport
planningphase
theinitialphaseoftheSDLC,whoseobjectiveistoidentifythescopeofthenewsystemandplantheproject
problemdomain
theareaoftheuser’sbusinessforwhichasystemisbeingdeveloped
project
aplannedundertakingthathasabeginningandanend,andthatproducesadesiredresultorproduct
repository
adatabasethatstoresinformationaboutthesysteminaCASEtool,includingmodels,descriptions,andreferencesthatlinkthevariousmodelstogether
sociotechnicalsystems
informationsystemsthatincludebothsocialandtechnicalsubsystemsdesignedtoworkwelltogether
structurechart
agraphicalmodelshowingthehierarchyofprogrammodulesproducedbythestructureddesigntechnique
structuredanalysis
atechniquethathelpsthedeveloperdefinewhatthesystemneedstodo(theprocessingrequirements),whatdatathesystemneedstostoreanduse(datarequirements),whatinputsandoutputsareneeded,andhowthefunctions
worktogetherasawholetoaccomplishtasks
structuredapproach
systemdevelopmentusingstructuredanalysis,structureddesign,andstructuredprogrammingtechniques
structureddesign
atechniqueprovidingguidelinesfordecidingwhatthesetofprogramsinanISshouldbe,whateachprogramshouldaccomplish,andhowtheprogramsshouldbeorganizedintoahierarchy
structuredprogram
aprogramorprogrammodulethathasonebeginningandoneending,andforwhicheachstepintheprogramexecutionconsistsofsequence,decision,orrepetitionconstructs
supportphase
thephaseoftheSDLCwhoseobjectiveistokeepthesystemrunningproductivelyafteritisinstalled
systemdevelopmentmethodology
comprehensiveguidelinestofollowforcompletingeveryactivityinthesystemsdevelopmentlifecycle,includingspecificmodels,tools,andtechniques
systemsdevelopmentlifecycle(SDLC)
aprojectmanagementframeworkorganizedintophasesandactivities
technique
acollectionofguidelinesthathelpananalystcompleteasystemdevelopmentactivityortask
tool
softwaresupportthathelpscreatemodelsorothercomponentsrequiredintheproject
top-downprogramming
dividingmorecomplexprogramsintoahierarchyofprogrammodules
UnifiedProcess(UP)
anobject-orientedsystemdevelopmentmethodologyofferedbyRationalSoftware
waterfallapproach瀑布法
anapproachtoexecutinganSDLCinwhichonephaseleads(falls)sequentiallyintothenextphase
Chapter3
breakevenpoint盈亏平衡点
thepointintimewherethedollarbenefitshaveoffsetthedollarcosts
businessbenefits
thebenefitsthataccruetotheorganization;oftenmeasuredinmonetaryterms
client顾客
thepersonorgroupwhofundstheproject
contextdiagram
adataflowdiagram(DFD)showingthescopeofasystem
cost/benefitanalysis盈亏分析
theanalysistocomparecostsandbenefitstoseewhetherinvestinginthedevelopmentofanewsystemwillbebeneficial
criticalpath
asequenceoftasksthatcannotbedelayedwithoutcausingtheprojecttobecompletedlate
Ganttchart甘特图
abarchartthatrepresentsthetasksandactivitiesoftheprojectschedule
intangiblebenefits
benefitsthataccruetotheorganizationbutwhichcannotbemeasuredquantitativelyorestimatedaccurately
netpresentvalue(NPV)
thepresentvalueofdollarbenefitsandcostsforaninvestmentsuchasanewsystem
oversightcommittee
clientsandkeymanagerswhoreviewanddirecttheproject
paybackperiod回收期
thetimeperiodwherethedollarbenefitshaveoffsetthedollarcosts
PERT/CPM
atechniqueforschedulingaprojectbasedonindividualtasksoractivities
returnoninvestment(ROI)投资收益率
ameasureofthepercentagegainfromaninvestmentsuchasanewsystem
projectmanagement
organizinganddirectingotherpeopletoachieveaplannedresultwithinapredeterminedscheduleandbudget
proofofconceptprototype
averypreliminaryprototypebuilttoillustratethatasolutiontoabusinessneedisfeasible
systemscopedocument
adocument—containingdescription,businessbenefits,andsystemcapabilities—tohelpdefinethescopeofanewsystem
tangiblebenefits
benefitsthatcanbemeasuredorestimatedintermsofdollarsandthataccruetotheorganization
trackingGanttchart跟踪甘特图
atypeofGanttchartthatindicatesthecurrentdateandpercentageofworkcompletedforeachtask
user用户
thepersonorgroupofpersonswhowillusethenewsystem
weightedscoring
amethodtoprioritizeprojectsbasedoncriteriawithunequalweights
workbreakdownstructure(WBS)工作分解结构
thehierarchyofphases,activities,andtasksofaproject;onemethodtoestimateandschedulethetasksofaproject
Chapter4
activitydiagram
atypeofworkflowdiagramthatdescribestheuseractivitiesandtheirsequentialflow
closed-endedquestions封闭式问题
questionsthathaveasimple,definitiveanswer
functionalrequirement功能需求
asystemrequirementthatdescribesanactivityorprocessthatthesystemmustperform
groupsupportsystem(GSS)
acomputersystemthatenablesmultiplepeopletoparticipatewithcommentsatthesametime,eachontheuser’sowncomputer
jointapplicationdesign(JAD)
atechniquetodefinerequirementsordesignasysteminasinglesessionbyhavingallnecessarypeopleparticipate
logicalmodel
anymodelthatshowswhatthesystemisrequiredtodowithoutcommittingtoanyonetechnology
mock-up
anexampleofafinalproductthatisf