外研版初中英语八年级下册各模块知识要点.docx

1、外研版初中英语八年级下册各模块知识要点Module 1 Hobbies 复习要点一、重点词组 tidy up 收拾，take up 占用（时间或空间）；a bit +adj. / a bit of +n. 一点儿 (区别于a little +adj. / n. )；a collection of stamps / collect stamps 集邮；play the violin / the piano / the drum / the flute 拉小提琴/弹钢琴/打鼓/吹笛子；play football / tennis / volleyball 踢足球/打网球/打排球；listen to

2、 music 听音乐；all the time 一直, 总是；be / show/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣/显示出/变得感兴趣；next time 下一次；at the end of 在末尾；need to do sth. 需要做某事；start doing sth./ to do sth. 开始做某事；how often 多久一次(询问频率)；grow vegetables 种菜；look after照顾, 照看；such as= for example 例如；grow as a person 成长；develop ones interests 发展兴趣

3、；come out 出版; 出现; 结果是；as a result 结果；like doing sth. / to do sth. 喜欢做某事；in the future 在将来；try to do sth. / try doing sth. 尽力做某事/尝试做某事；in ones free/ spare time 在某人业余时间；bring sb. great success 给某人带来成功（注意词性success成功n. successful 成功的adj. successfully 成功地adv. succeed (in doing sth.) 成功v. ；be popular with

4、 在中受欢迎；write to sb. 给某人写信；all over the world 遍及全世界；think about考虑某事；find out ( about ) 查明有关某事；dress in 穿着衣服；in the past 在过去；not onlybut also不仅而且三、重点知识点 make +sb. / sth. +adj. 使怎么样e.g. The news made her sad . 使役动词make / let / have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事e.g. Hobbies can make you grow as a person. The joke

5、made us laugh. 感官动词hear / listen to / see / watch / feel sb. do / doing sth.（其中do强调动作的全过程，而doing强调动作正在发生。）e.g. I heard someone singing in the next room. I often listen to him play the violin.Have you seen the book fall off the desk? I saw some boys playing football over there just now.The robot watc

6、hes the professor eat and sleep every day. I felt my heart break. 双宾语give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sb sth= give / bring / lend / hand / send / show / leave / teach / pass sth to sb e.g. Pass me the sugar, please. = Pass the sugar to me, please.buy / cook / read sb.

7、sth. = buy / cook / read sth. for sb.e.g. My father bought me a new bike as my birthday present. = My father bought a new bike for me as my birthday present. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事e.g.Tom often helps his classmates clean the classroom.My brother often helps me with my math. spe

8、nd (时间或钱) on + 名词 spend . (时间或钱) (in) doing sth.e.g. David spent four weeks on a summer camp. I spent five dollars on the book. Shall we spend some time playing tennis on Saturday? We usually spend one hour doing my homework. 辨析四个“花费”spend, cost, take, payspend主语是人，花费的对象可以为时间，也可以为钱，多用于spend (时间或钱) o

9、n + 名词 / spend . (时间或钱) (in) doing sth. 这两个结构中。e.g. I spent five dollars on the book.cost主语是物，花费的对象只能是钱。e.g. The book cost me five dollars. （注意这里的cost是其过去式）take的花费对象多为时间，偶而为钱，e.g. The journey by car will take half an hour.另外，take多用于下面的结构中：It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一些时间

10、做某事。e.g. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. It will take the workers one year to build this bridge.pay 主语是人，花费的对象为钱，多用于下面的结构中：pay (sb.) (some money) (for sth.) e.g. I paid him 20,000 dollars for the house. as well asWe all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai. He as well as

11、his friends is coming to see me.（这里注意as well as在句中做状语，不是主语成分，所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词。） ask sb. (not) to do sth. / tell sb. (not) to do sth.e.g. The teacher asks us to be quiet in class. My parents told me not to go out at night. What do you think of? / How do you like?e.g. What do you think of the Great Wa

12、ll? How do you like Chinese food? Why not do sth? = Why dont you do sth?e.g. Why not go to the concert? = Why dont you go to the concert?三、语法句子: 简单句 并列句：由并列连词and, but, or等连接两个简单句，两个句子是并列关系。 复合句：由if, when, while, because, although等引导从句，两个句子有主句与从句之分。简单句的六种基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语 （+状语）These books are great. He

13、 looks worried.2.主语+谓语（不及物动词vi）（+状语）The first book came out in 2003. We didnt go to the cinema yesterday.3.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+宾语（+状语）I bought a very good book yesterday. Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for me.4.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）His hobby has brought him enjoyment. Last week, my aunt

14、 sent me a box of chocolate.5.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）We can help you develop new skills. The news made everyone happy.6.there be+主语+状语There are many story books in his schoolbag.Module 2 Friendship 复习要点 一、 重点词组 hold the line (= hold on) 稍等，别挂断； call back 打（电话）回来； right now 现在； take a message 捎个信

15、儿 ；leave a message 留个信儿 ；whether.or not 是否 ；in fact 事实上 a couple of.几个，若干 ；in a week 一周后（用于将来时） ；miss ones close friends 想念某人的好朋友 ；be different from. (反义：the same as.) 与.不同 (反义：与.相同) make friends with sb. 与.交朋友 ；good luck with.祝.好运 ；bring sb. for a visit to some place 带某人来某地参观 ；wait for sb. (to do s

16、th.) 等待某人做某事 ；invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to some place 邀请某人去做某事/去某地 ；talk with/to sb about sth. 和某人谈论某事 ；by the way 顺便说一下 ；feel happy / unhappy / better 感觉快乐/不快乐/更好 ；take place 发生 ；far (away) from some place 离某地远 ；be afraid to do sth. / be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事 ；every time + 时间状语从句

17、 每次 ；want (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事 ；worry about. 担心. ；sit at the desk / work at the computer 坐在桌旁/在电脑前工作 ；as usual 像往常一样 ；at that moment 在那时 ；enter the room (注意enter是及物动词，后不加介词。) 进入房间 ；turn back 转过身 ；day by day 一天天地 ；be close to. 离.近 ；smile at sb. 对.微笑 ；laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 ；It doesnt matter (that.). .

18、没关系 ；not .any more / not.any longer 不再 ；give advice / take advice 提出建议/接受建议 ；look for. 寻找. ；in town / in the country 在城镇/在乡村 二、 重要知识点 * What does it feel like? 用来询问对方对某件事的看法。 e.g. What does it feel like to be at school in America? 在美国上学感觉如何 ？ 类似的表达还有What do you think of.? / How do you like.? * 辨析som

19、etime, some time, sometimes, some times sometime某个时候，表示时间点，多用于将来。 I believe that my dream will come true sometime in the future. some time一段时间，表示时间段，多用于现在完成时。 He has been here for some time. sometimes有时，表频率，多用于一般现在时。 Its sometimes hot and sometimes cold. some times若干次/若干倍 I have been to Sydney some

20、times. * 辨析lonely 与alone lonely是adj. 表示孤独的，是内心的感受，而 alone可做adj.或adv.，表示独自一人地，是现实的状况。 e.g. She felt lonely because she had no friends here. 她因为在这儿没有朋友而感到很孤独。 The old woman lives alone because her daughter is abroad. But she is not lonely because we often go to see her. 这位老奶奶一个人独自居住，因为她的女儿在国外，但她并不孤独，因

21、为我们经常去看望她。 * 辨析other, the other, others, the others 区分这四个词，只需注意以下两点： 1 没有the表示别的，其余的；有the强调其余所有的 2 若other后没有s则后面往往还有名词（单数情况除外），若other后有s则后面不加名词。 另外，another与这四组词都不相同，它表示又一个，再一个，所指事物没有范围，而上面那四组词则都是将事物分成了两大部分。 e.g. English is spoken not only in the UK and the USA, but also in many other countries. （这里不

22、强调除英美外，其余所有的国家都说英语，所以不加the，另外，后面有countries，所以other不加s。） The old lady has four sons. One is in Canada, the others are in America. （这里强调除一个在加拿大外，其余所有的都在美国，所以加the，另外，other后面没有名词，所以加s。） Would you like another cup of tea? （这里指再来一杯，没有范围。） * 当adj.修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything)时，adj.要后置。 e

23、.g. I have something important to tell you. He has nothing new to say. * 辨析surprising与surprised surprising 意为令人惊讶的，修饰物或事；而surprised意为吃惊的，修饰人。 e.g. The news is surprising. Im surprised at the news. 类似的单词还有exciting (excited), tiring (tired), pleasing (pleased), amazing (amazed)等。 * 掌握一些固定电话用语： Is Chen

24、 Huan there? 请问陈欢在吗? Is that Chen Huan (speaking)? 您是陈欢吗? May I speak to Jack, please? 杰克在吗? Ill call back later. 我一会儿再打。 This is Sally (speaking). 我是Sally。 Whos calling, please? 请问您是那位？ Hold the line, please. 稍等，别挂断。 Sorry. He isnt here right now. 对不起，他现在不在。 Can I take a message? / Can you leave a

25、message? 我能捎个信儿吗？/ 您能留个信儿吗？ Im afraid you have the wrong number. 恐怕您打错了。 四、 语法 Objective Clause宾语从句 宾语从句可根据引导词分为三大类： 1 当从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that可省略，语序不变。 * Trees improve the air. Betty thinks (that) trees improve the air. * It will snow this winter. I hope (that) it will snow this winter. * There is a g

26、ood film tonight. Jack said (that) there was a good film on that night 2 当从句是一般疑问句时，用if 或whether引导（若句尾有or not，则用whether，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 * Will they plant trees on Sunday? He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Sunday or not. * Have you seen him before? I cant remember if I have seen him

27、 before. * Was she late for class this morning? He asks if she was late for class this morning. * Did she study hard? I didnt know whether she studied hard or not. 3 当从句是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 * How can we help protect the environment? He asks how we can help protect the environment.

28、 * Why do they like computer games so much? I cant understand why they like computer games so much. * When will we hold the sports meeting? Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? * Where did the accident happen? Tom asked me where the accident happened. 掌握宾语从句，尤其要注意以下三个方面： 1 引导词 2 语序 3 时态

29、：若主句是现在范畴的时态，从句用任何时态均可。 若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去范畴的时态。 Exercises（练习）: 1) Your father is a doctor. (I know) 2) Whats he going to do? (He doesnt know) 3) Should she go to the party? ( She cant decide) 4) When did he last see his old friends? ( He cant remember) 5) Do you like living in China? ( Can I ask you

30、 ) 6) What does she usually do? ( Tom asked ) 7) Where did Mike study two years ago? ( Do you know ) 8) Do you do your homework in the evening? ( Could you tell me ) 9) What does he do at weekends? ( I wonder ) 10) How do things work? ( Thomas Edison liked to find out )Module 3知识与语法要点重点词组：1.take sb.

31、 around= show sb. around 带某人四处参观 2.mention sb. / sth. ( to sb.) （向某人）提及某人/事 3.look out for 小心 4. stop to do sth.停止去做某事 （不是同一件事） stop doing sth. 停止做某事 （停下手头上正在做的事情）5. need sth. 需要某物need to do 需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被（表被动）6.enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事7.keep sb. / sth. adj. 使某人/ 某事保持keep doing sth. 使持续做某事8.maybe adv. 也许 may be 情态动词+ be “也许是”9. join 参加/ 加入（组织、团体、党、团）take part in 参加（聚会、活动）10.prepare for = get ready for 准备11.hate sb. / sth. 讨厌某人/ 事hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事（长时间的，习惯性的）hate