浙江省杭州市中考英语复习同步训练八年级上册 Units 34精选教育文档.docx

1、浙江省杭州市中考英语复习同步训练八年级上册 Units 34精选教育文档八年级上册Units 34唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”

2、，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 一、完形填空观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，

3、理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且

4、会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语

5、文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。

6、要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 (2019浙江嘉兴中考) I have five children, so our house is always noisy. 与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低

7、一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 1 ， I love gardening and my garden helps me relax.“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可

8、见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。For a long time, I 2 the garden of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect 3 to be out of sight. And I would hand out tas

9、ks.“Here: you 4 the onions, you dig the holes, and.” Soon they would be 5 or their arms would be sore(酸痛的), and they would leave me to myself.But during a recent spring, 6 I was working in the garden, my 13yearold son, Josiah noticed me. He 7 a tool and began helping. Working as a team, we finished

10、the job in no time at all. I 8 Josiah, realizing that Id enjoyed working with him.The same thing happenedone or two of the 9 would appear and join in the gardening from time to time. Each time, I would feel 10 that the work was lighter because of their help.One day, when I was picking the peas(豌豆) a

11、nd having a taste 11 ， Abby saw me and ran over. I put several peas into her mouth. She just loved how 12 they were.“Mama, I want the others to try them too.”Suddenly, I realised I had been wrong for long. Id tried to keep the 13 of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldnt wait to 14 wi

12、th others. “Sure, honey, lets pick some. Well make a wonderful supper.”Now I enjoy all of the gardens beauties with the children. We bring the 15 back home, preparing and cooking the produce together, because we know that everything is better when shared.1A.Finally BQuickly CLuckily DImmediately2A.p

13、ainted Bguarded Crefused Ddescribed3A.it Bhim Che Dthem4A.water Beat Csell Dcook5A.hot Bshy Csorry Dnervous6A.so Bif Cwhile Dunless7A.waited for Bpicked up Cpointed at Dlooked after8A.hated Bforgot Csaved Dthanked9A.friends Bchildren Cvisitors Dneighbors10A.bored Bsilly Cafraid Dsurprised11A.alone B

14、sadly Ctogether Dinstead12A.safe Btasty Cfamous Dexpensive13A.tradition Bstandard Chappiness Dbackground14A.live Bagree Cwork Dshare15A.meat Bbread Cfruits Ddrinks二、阅读理解阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(2019浙江杭州中考) Do you know when restaurants were invented? The first restaurants were invented thousa

15、nds years ago. However, they were very different from restaurants today.The first restaurants were in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. These restaurants served food in large stone bowls. People didnt order food from a menu. Everyone used to share the food from big bowls. People believe that these pl

16、aces were very popular because most homes in ancient Greece and Rome did not have kitchens. Also, people didnt have to store food at home if they ate their meals at these restaurants. Later, restaurants began to open in China. In the early 1100s, more than 1 million people live in the city of Hangzh

17、ou, China. It was a very busy city, and people had money. All of these people had to eat. Smart cooks started cooking and selling food along the Imperial Way, a very big street in the city. Unlike in ancient Greece and Rome, people in China could choose food from a menu. They didnt have to eat the s

18、ame food as everyone else.For the next several centuries, there were restaurants all over the world. People could buy food on the street or at innssmall hotels. Then in the middle of the 1700s, restaurants started opening in Paris. These restaurants were more similar to restaurants we know today. Th

19、ere was a bigger variety of food, and eating in these restaurants was a more enjoyable experience. In the 19th century, trains made travel much faster and simpler. In the end, this kind of restaurant began to appear all over Europe and in other parts of the world.Now, restaurants are everywhere. You

20、 can buy a variety of different kinds of food. You can have food sent to your door. But remember it wasnt always like that.1It is believed that these first restaurants were popular because Apeople could eat different foodBthe food there was very cheapCpeople were very busy to cookDmost homes didnt h

21、ave kitchens 2How were the restaurants in Hangzhou different from the first restaurants?AThey offered menus to customers. BThey usually served the same food.CThey sold the food in large stone bowls.DThey prepared food for all people in the city. 3The underlined part “these restaurants” in Paragraph

22、4 means Arestaurants in ancient Greece and ancient RomeBrestaurants in Hangzhou in the early 1100sCrestaurants in Paris in the middle of the 1700sDrestaurants all over Europe in the 19th century4The author wrote this article to Ahelp us to choose restaurantsBtell us the history of restaurantsCencour

23、age us to eat at restaurantsDshow us the changes of eating habits三、词汇运用A用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。1Mary and Carol are both in music.2“Time is money” is one of my favorite 3When you my age, you will understand more.4The shop near my home sells clothes very 5Chonghemen Cinema is much to our school.

24、Lets go there and watch a movie.B根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。My mother is a beautiful woman. Her dream was to be a good actress when she studied at school. In her class, she was the most 1. (有创造性的) person. In 2. (事实上)，she often performed in the school shows and got many good 3. (奖项). She also

25、 enjoyed watching some shows，4. (虽然)some people thought the performers made up their lives. Mom said they were fun to watch if we didnt take these shows too 5. (严肃地). However, after she left school, I was born. She had to 6. (选择) to come back to Linhai because my father worked for Linhai Radio Stati

26、on as a 7. (记者) at that time.Mom is a good mother. She really 8. (关心) about me and always cooks the 9. (最新鲜的) food for me. We have a lot of things in common. We like 10. (分享) everything. I love my mother and I hope to make her dream come true one day.四、任务型阅读补全短文。根据短文内容，从短文后的AF选项中，选出五个适当的选项补全短文。Depen

27、ding on the underlying cause of your dissatisfaction, there may be several ways to increase your job satisfaction.1 Changing your attitude about work wont necessarily happen overnight. But if youre alert to ways your view of work brings you down, you can improve your job satisfaction. Try these tech

28、niques：2 Pay attention to the messages you give yourself. When you catch yourself thinking your job is terrible, stop the thought in its tracks. Put things in perspective. Remember, everyone encounters good days and bad days on the job.3 “Reframing” can help you find the good in a bad situation. For

29、 example, you receive a less than perfect performance appraisal and your boss warns you to improve or move to another job. Instead of taking it personally or looking for another job right away, look for the silver lining. Depending on where you work, the silver lining may be attending continuing edu

30、cation classes, working closely with a performance coach and having the satisfaction of showing your boss youre capable of change.4 Failure is one of the greatest learning tools, but many people let failure defeat them. When you make a mistake at work, learn from it and try again.5 Gratitude can hel

31、p you focus on whats positive about your job. Ask yourself, “What am I grateful for at work today？” If its only that youre having lunch with a trusted coworker, thats OK. But find at least one thing youre grateful for and savor it.Whether your work is a job, a career or a calling, you can take steps to restore meaning to your job. Make the best of difficult work situations by being positive. Doing so will help you manage your str